5个维度分析日本的文化？英文双语对照

日本的温泉文化与世界各国的温泉文化一样，与皇家文化密不可分，不同的是，日本的皇家文化是“不变的”，没有“城头变幻大王旗”。日本一方面科技十分发达，高精尖技术日新月异，在探索自然科学真理方面勇往直前，有着无限的兴趣，但在另一方面，又非常尊重传统社会所定下的身份、地位与秩序。

几千年里，日本天皇被日本人认为是天照大神的后裔，是神的化身，没有姓氏，没有王朝更迭，普通人是做不了神的。故日本温泉的皇家文化一脉相承，就是那一家子人在做天皇，祖祖辈辈传下来，不会被其他姓氏所取代。

在有着3000多年历史的道后温泉，有一个天皇专用浴池，看似与很多国家相同，其实不然。在那里，人们永远不变地崇尚皇家文化，不会萌生“帝王将相宁有种乎”的疑问，不会产生“有朝一日”就怎样如阿Q的那种想法。因而日本人泡温泉是很享受的，那是一种“受动”，不是泡在温泉里乱说乱动，不会制造很大动静，想象泡温泉是在享受皇家生活一样，可谓诚惶诚恐，毕恭毕敬，是一种需要仔细体会的感觉。

假如能泡上历史上皇太子或皇妃曾泡过的某个温泉，那么对普通的日本民众而言是一种莫大的幸福了。

日本社会崇尚秩序，做什么事都讲究井井有条，一丝不苟，不以事小而糊弄，泡温泉也是。洗个澡充满了仪式感，如先淋浴、再面壁、三浸泡。很讲究精工细作，追求不断创新，默默地践行着继承传统与推陈出新并存的发展战略。

无我：泡温泉是融入自然

日本有自己原生的本土宗教，既不是佛教，也不是基督教，而是一种神道教。

神道教是基于日本固有的民族宗教信仰而产生的，是崇尚自然主义的自然之教，认为万物有灵，大自然即是神，一草一木一石，哪怕是一片落叶和一阵风也是神，所有的自然现象与自然神都是相通的，因而通过汤神也就可以到达山神、天神等所有自然神的范畴。这些观念广泛存在于日本国民心中。

这一点不同于中国人常常将神仙拟人化，认为人是可以成仙的，有的人就自认为成仙了，就飘飘欲仙，就把对大自然的敬畏搞没了。万物有灵是存有敬畏之心的，敬畏大自然。泡温泉，敬畏者更觉得大自然的可敬，而不会觉得自己“不可一世”了，不会觉得“人和人就是不一样”，不会觉得自己高人一等，不会觉得比上不足与比下有余。

在日本的文化中，泡温泉如接受洗礼，如前所述那是一种“受”，是精神的“受”，而不是物质的“收”，不是“收取”与“取得”，不是物质与功利上的“得”。

泡温泉是一种无我状态，由入世的存在状态转为出世的存在状态，是将自我融于大自然之中，溶于生命的流水之中，是他者化自己，客观自己，宾格化自己，是矜持而理性地重新审视自己，是让自己处于一种无功利的进步态。

敬畏：泡温泉就像去教堂

人活在世，忙忙碌碌，这是指对勤劳者而言的。日本人很勤劳，日本俗语中常说“很穷很忙”，“因穷而忙”，而闲暇是富人的事情。

日本人很有忧患意识，很少见到“闲逛者”、“二流子”。在平日里的大街上是见不到成年男子的，几乎见不到不上班的成年男性，而只有周末才能见到陪妻子逛街的男人，平日里只能见到穿着干净的围裙骑着自行车去购物的主妇们。

日本人平时不仅努力，也很爱钻研，这也让日本的产品世界第一，一是质量第一，二是创新第一。但也正因为要求质量第一等，有忧患意识，就很忙，也就好像没有了“与神沟通的时间”，那么利用泡温泉的时候就是最好的与神沟通的机会了。

泡温泉一举两得，也可谓是多得，既可以清洗身体，善待自己，又能接收神的声音。一年中泡四五回温泉吧，那就是被温泉的自然神“醍醐灌顶”几次，人因此就可以保持善良与有人性了，就可以与自然同在。不然的话，一年一年地为了生存而忙碌着，没时间与神沟通，不向神致敬，不修炼纯洁心地，那多可怕呀。

想象这样一种泡温泉的情形：当人裸浴地泡在温泉之中，去掉所有的人间伪装，静静地闭目养神，细听流水，与温泉汤神交流、沟通，还有汇报与“忏悔”。

日本人认为一年中至少得泡四五次温泉，第一次是在春天踏春与花见时去，第二次是在暑期中元节期间去，第三次是在秋收的季节去，第四次是在年末大年前去。

应时而泡的习惯，是尊重时间，尊重节气。在一年中的重要时间节点上，在肯定自己努力而取得结果的时候，去泡温泉以实现与自然神的沟通，就像西方人定期去教堂一样。

无限：远近高低皆可泡

笔者认为，日本温泉存在“远泉近汤，居中是园”的现象，这一分布规律很有意思。

距离最远的是天然温泉，那是位于乡间、大自然中的温泉，是距离城市很远的温泉。

距离最近的是位于城里的汤温泉，是人工温泉，也叫“钱汤”，占地规模较小。

不远不近的是在天然温泉与汤温泉之间的混合型温泉，既有自然温泉的成分，也有汤温泉的影子，占地规模不大不小，多位于城市近郊，或称“园林温泉”，如小涌园。

除了远近之分，还有高低之别。

不是有“地狱温泉”说法吗？尽管这里的“地狱”是指温度，但也有向下的深不可测的方向性。日本人很注意在垂直的维度做文章，比如日本的浴缸截面占地面积小但很深。

日本人关心垂直性，除了是受国土狭小之限，还反映了一种精神。日本人善于挑战，愿意攻克科学与技术世界难题，而垂直性建设就很有挑战性。日本如今建设了多种空中温泉，比如必须坐着缆车上山泡的温泉。

低到“地狱”，高至“空中”，都暗含了前述的对大自然的敬畏之情——从上下左右不同的视角，他者化自己，矜持而理性地重新审视自己。

尊重：温泉医生与温泉病院

日本不称“医院”而称“病院”，一开始会觉得只是习惯不一样而已，但对文化进行了仔细而再仔细的琢磨之后会意识到，这背后的境界是不同的。

医院，是“以医生为中心”的，是以“权力”为中心的。病院，是“以患者为中心”的，是以“自然”为中心的。把得病看作是值得敬畏的自然现象，才会出现“病院”这个词。

日本的医生是令人羡慕的职业，高收入，有知识，有教养，受到社会尊重，被称为先生，坐公交车的时候都被让座。

在日本的医疗大军之中，专门分出来了一支队伍，姑且称为“温泉医学支队”吧，其中有温泉医生，有温泉健康理疗士等。他们建设了温泉病院，说明汤治文化已经上升到专业化的阶段了。由汤治到温泉病院，隐含着对患者的尊重，对疾病与慢性病的尊重。

如今的日本已建设了很多的温泉病院，各地都有。温泉病院依托温泉资源，以温泉为平台，整合所有的生命福祉资源，包括整合“医生”与“患者”，整合“饮食”与“药物”，整合“运动”与“休息”，方方面面一起为生命福祉而同心同德。

温泉医院除了治病，还转向了愈心与心愈。愈心强调的是达到无心理疾病的结果，心愈则强调了愈的意义，强调心理得到治愈的过程。

心的疗养需要时间，也是一种乐养，不需要看医生脸色的压抑，没有不得不接受医生处方的恐惧，最终是要让人放下思想包袱。身心皆无病，那才是真正的健康。

The hot spring culture of hot spring culture of Japan and world each country is same, as inseparable as royal culture, different is, royal culture of Japan is " changeless " , not " banner of king of irregular change of on top of the city wall " . Japan on one hand science and technology very develop, high-grade technology change quickly, exploring science truth aspect precipitant, having infinite interest, but on the other hand, the identity that place of society of special esteem tradition places, position and order.

In thousands of years, japanese the emperor of Japan is considered as day of descendant that takes big look by Japanese, be a god is reincarnate, without surname, without dynasty alternate, everyman cannot make a mind. The royal culture come down in one continuous line of reason Japan hot spring, it is that child the person is doing the emperor of Japan, for generations hands down, won't be replaced by other surname place.

In the hot spring after the way that having 3000 old histories, have a the emperor of Japan special public baths, look be like as identical as a lot of countries, actually otherwise. Over, people forever constantly advocates royal culture, won't produce " imperial general Xiang Ning is gutty " doubt, won't arise " some day " the sort of idea that is like A Q with respect to how. Consequently Japanese bubble hot spring is very enjoy, that is one kind " suffer move " , not be bubble speaks carelessly chaos to move in hot spring, won't make very big sound, like imagining bubble hot spring is to enjoying royal life, it may be said with reverence and awe, reverent and respectful, it is a kind of sense that needs careful experience.

If can the crown prince on the history on bubble or emperor the wife of a prince ever a certain hot spring that bubble spends, a kind of greatest happiness is the people to common Japan so.

Japanese society advocates order, do what thing to be paid attention to in perfect order, meticulous, not with the thing small and deceive, bubble hot spring also is. Bathed to be full of ceremonial feeling, be like first shower, again side wall, 3 immerse. Spy of industry of very exquisite energy, pursuit innovates ceaselessly, silently carry out is going the development strategy that successive tradition and get rid of the stale and bring forth the fresh coexist.

Without me: Bubble hot spring is to blend in nature

Japan has the indigenous religion that he gives birth to formerly, both neither is Buddhist, also not be Christian, however Taoism of a kind of god.

Divine Taoism is to be based on Japan inherent ethical religion is devotional and of generation, it is to advocate of naturalistic nature religion, think everythings on earth has clever, nature is a god namely, one grass one Mu Yishi, even if be a fallen leaves and blast,also be a god, all natural phenomena and manito are interlinked, through soup consequently the god also can arrive at the category of all manito such as hill god, deity. These ideas are comprehensive in common feelings of people of consist in Japan.

This are different from a Chinese often immortal personate, identifying humanness can become celestial being, some people are own be celestial being, wave wave desire celestial being, to nature awe-stricken do did not have. Everythings on earth has clever it is to put those who have awe-stricken heart, awe-stricken nature. Bubble hot spring, awe-stricken person more feel of nature respected, and won't feel oneself " extremely arrogant " , won't feel " person and person are different " , won't feel him a cut above others, won't feel more insufficient than going up with more superabundant than falling.

In Japanese culture, if bubble hot spring accepts severe test, the place before be like narrates that is a kind " suffer " , be spirit " suffer " , is not material " close " , either " collection " with " obtain " , either on material and utility " " .

Bubble hot spring is one kind does not have my condition, turn to exist for what be born by the existence state that enters a life condition, be ego be in harmony at nature in, dissolve in the running water at life, it is him person change oneself, objective oneself, accusative changes him, it is missish and rational ground examines him afresh, it is the ascensive condition that allows oneself to be in a kind not to have utility.

Awe-stricken: Bubble hot spring resembles going cathedral

Person work is alive, busy, this is to point to right laborious person. Japanese is very laborious, middling of Japanese common saying says " very poor very busy " , "Busy because of end " , and the thing that leisure is wealthy person.

Japanese has hardship consciousness very much, see rarely " the person that stroll " , " idler " . Be in ferial it is to see those who be less than grown man on the ave in, do not see the grown man that does not go to work almost, and only ability sees the man that accompanies a wife to shop on the weekend, ferial li of housewife that can see the apron with clean dress is riding a bicycle to shop only people.

Japanese tries hard not only at ordinary times, also love to study very much, the product world that this also lets Japan the first, it is quality the first, 2 it is innovation the first. But also because of requirement quality first-class, have hardship consciousness, very busy, also seemed to do not have " the time that communicates with the god " , the opportunity that communicates best with the god is when using bubble hot spring so.

Kill two birds with one stone of bubble hot spring, also it may be said is much, can rinse the body already, be kind to oneself, can receive magical sound again. The bubble in a year 45 hot spring, that is by the manito of hot spring " be filled wisdom " a few, the person can maintain goodness and somebody sex accordingly, can be in together with nature. Otherwise, every time the ground is busying to live, do not have time and god to communicate, do not greet to the god, do not build refine chasteness character, that is much more terrible.

Imagine the scenario of hot spring of such a kind of bubble: When the person bubble of naked bath ground is in hot spring, all worlds pretend take out, shut eye repose silently, fine listen to running water, communicate with god of hot spring soup, communicate, still have report and " confess " .

Japanese thinks to bubble is gotten 45 times at least in year hot spring, it is for the first time step in spring spring when seeing with the flower, go, it is the 2nd to be in summer vacation time yuan go during the section, it is the season in autumn harvest goes the 3rd, it is the 4th to be in before year end good year.

In season and the habit of bubble, it is esteem time, esteem solar term. On the important time node in a year, when affirm his hard and obtaining a result, go the communication of bubble hot spring with implementation and manito, go regularly like Hesperian like cathedral.

Infinite: Discretion of far and near all but bubble

The author thinks, japanese hot spring exists " far spring close boiling water, be placed in the middle is garden " phenomenon, this one distributinging rule is very interesting.

The distance is farthermost is natural hot spring, that is the hot spring in be located in country, nature, it is the hot spring with distance very remote town.

The distance is the closest is to be located in the Shang Wenquan in the city, it is artificial hot spring, also cry " Qian Shang " , cover an area of dimensions lesser.

Not far not close is between natural hot spring and Shang Wenquan mix model hot spring, have the part of natural hot spring already, also have Shang Wenquan's sign, cover an area of dimensions not quite not small, be located in urban suburbs more, or say " gardens hot spring " , be like small emerge field.

The cent besides far and near, return those who have on any account to fasten.

Be to have " Tartarean hot spring " view? Although here " Tartarean " it is to point to temperature, but also have be down abysmal directional. Japanese very the attention spends make an issue of in perpendicular dimension, bath crock of Japan is for instance sectional cover an area of an area small but very deep.

Japanese cares verticality, besides it is to suffer the bounds with narrow land, still reflected a kind of spirit. Japanese is good at a challenge, be willing to capture science and technical world difficult problem, and verticality construction has challenge sex very much. Japan built the hot spring in a variety of sky nowadays, must sit for instance telpher on the hot spring of hill bubble.

Low arrive " Tartarean " , come high " in sky " , implied aforementioned the awe-stricken affection to nature -- the perspective that differs from fluctuation left and right sides, he person change oneself, examine oneself missish and rationally afresh.

Esteem: Hot spring doctor and hot spring a specialized hospital

Japanese asymmetry " hospital " and say " a specialized hospital " , can feel to just be used to at the beginning different just, but undertook to culture careful and again careful after considering, can realize, the state of this backside is different.

Hospital, be " it is a center with the doctor " , be with " influence " be a center. A specialized hospital, be " it is a center with the patient " , be with " natural " be a center. Regarding go to the bad is to be worth awe-stricken natural phenomenon, just can appear " a specialized hospital " this word.

Japanese doctor is the profession of envy making a person, good-paying, have knowledge, cultured, be respected by the society, the gentleman that be called, sit bus when by offer one's seat to sb.

In medical treatment main forces of Japan, special cent came out a team, call for the moment " detachment of hot spring medicine " , have hot spring doctor among them, have hot spring health physiotherapy person. They built hot spring a specialized hospital, explain soup treats culture to had risen to ascendant phase. Control hot spring a specialized hospital by soup, the implicit esteem to the patient, to the esteem of disease and chronic.

The Japan nowadays already built a lot of hot spring a specialized hospital, each district has. Hot spring a specialized hospital relies on hot spring resource, it is platform with hot spring, integrated resource of all life happiness and benefit, include conformity " doctor " with " patient " , integrated " food " with " medicaments " , integrated " motion " with " rest " , square field surface is life happiness and benefit together and be of one heart and one mind.

Hot spring hospital besides treat a disease, still changed direction to heal heart and heart heal. More what the heart emphasizes is the result that achieves inadvertently manage disease, the heart stressed healing significance more, emphasize psychology getting cured course.

The recuperate of the heart needs time, also be a kind happy raise, do not need to see a doctor the depression of complexion, without the fear that must accept doctor prescription, final it is to should let a person drop thought load. Nix of body and mind is ill, that ability is true health.