叶圣陶相关文学常识？英文双语对照

叶圣陶（1894.10.28～1988.2.16），作家，教育家，出版家，政治活动家。原名叶绍钧，笔名叶、圣陶、斯提等。江苏苏州人。早年当小学教师，并参加新潮社和文学研究会。1923年起开始从事编辑出版工作，主编或编辑过《文学周报》、《小说月报》、《中学生》、《国文月刊》、《笔阵》等。1931年“九•一八”事变后投入抗日救亡活动。1946年后积极参加爱国民主运动。1949年后历任出版总署副署长兼编审局局长、教育部副部长兼人民教育出版社社长和总编辑、中央文史研究馆馆长、全国政协副主席等职。著有小说《隔膜》、《线下》、《倪焕之》，散文集《脚步集》、《西川集》，童话集《稻草人》、《古代英雄的石像》等，并编辑过几十种课本，写过十几本语文教育论著。

叶圣陶还是中国现代童话创作的拓荒者。童话集《稻草人》展现了劳动人民的苦难，但有时气氛显得低沉和悲哀，稍后的童话集《古代英雄的石像》着重表现人民群众团结抗暴的集体力量。他的童话构思新颖独特，描写细腻逼真，富于现实内容。鲁迅说，叶圣陶的“《稻草人》是给中国的童话开了一条自己创作的路的”（《表·译者的话》）。

叶圣陶从1921年起在上海、杭州、北京等地中学和大学任教。1923年起从事编辑出版工作，曾任商务印书馆、开明书店编辑，主编过《文学周报》、《小说月报》、《中学生》等多种重要刊物，发现、培养和举荐过巴金、丁玲、戴望舒等作家。他还出版不少诗集、评论集和论著，编辑过几十种中小学语文教科书。中华人民共和国成立后致力于文化教育的领导工作，任人民教育出版社社长、教育部副部长、中央文史馆馆长、全国政协副主席等职。

生平简历

1894年，叶圣陶出生于苏州吴县。

1907年，考入草桥中学，毕业后任小学教员。1914年被排挤出学校，开始文言小说创作。

1915年，任上海商务印书馆尚公学校国文教员，并为商务印书馆编小学国文课本。后应聘到吴县甪直县立第五高等小学任教。

1918年，在《妇女杂志》第4卷2、3号上发表他的第一篇白话小说《春宴琐谭》。

1919年，加入了北京大学的新潮社，开始白话文学的创作。

1921年，与茅盾、郑振铎等人发起组织“文学研究会”，提倡“文学为人生”。

1923年，进入商务印书馆从事编辑出版工作，发表了长篇小说《倪焕之》。

1930年，转入开明书店，主办《中学生》杂志。

1931年，九一八事变后，发起成立“文艺界反帝抗日大联盟”。

抗战期间，他前往四川继续主持开明书店编辑工作，同时还参加发起成立“文艺界抗敌后援会”。

1946年，回到上海后，担任了中华全国文艺界协会总务部主任及上海市小学教师联合进修会和中学教育研究会的顾问。

1949年，到达北平，担任华北人民政府教科书编审委员会主任。后任全国文联委员。

1949年后，先后出任教育部副部长、人民教育出版社社长和总编、中华全国文学艺术界联合委员会委员、中国作家协会顾问、中央文史馆馆长、中华人民共和国全国政协副主席，第一、二、三、四、五届全国人民代表大会常务委员会委员，第五届全国政协常务委员会委员，第六届全国政协副主席,和民进中央主席。

Xie Shengtao (1894.10.28 ～ 1988.2.16) , writer, educationist, publication home, politics home. Original name Xie Shaojun, contented of pseudonym leaf, emperor, this carry etc. Jiangsu Suzhou person. One's early years becomes elementary school teacher, attend trendy company and literary seminar. Begin to be engaged in editing publication job since 1923, chief editor or editor pass " literary weekly " , " novel monthly magazine " , " high school student " , " country article monthly magazine " , " pen blast " etc. 1931 " 9? 18 " the investment after emergency fights activity of day save the nation from extinction. After 1946 attend patriotic democracy actively to move. Have successively held the posts of after 1949 publish total arrange countersign to grow hold <> concurrently read and edit undersecretary of bureau director, Ministry of Education holds people concurrently to teach press president and editor in chief, central literary history to study vice-chairman of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference of house curator, whole nation waits for duty. have a novel " diaphragmatic " , " below the line " , " Ni Huanzhi " , prosaic collect " footstep collect " , " Xichuanji " , fairy tale collect " jackstraw " , " the stone of archaic hero resembles " etc, had edited a few kinds of textbook, had written ten Chinese to teach book.

Xie Shengtao still is the pioneer that Chinese contemporary fairy tale creates. Fairy tale collect " jackstraw " the distress that showed working people, but sometimes atmosphere appears grave with distress, later fairy tale collect " the stone of archaic hero resembles " emphasize expressional people solidarity to fight cruel collective force. His fairy tale conception is novel and distinctive, picture is exquisite and clear, abound actual content. Lu Xun says, of Xie Shengtao " " jackstraw " be the way that opened him creative work to Chinese fairy tale " (" if expressing · translator " ) .

Xie Shengtao is in middle school of and other places of Shanghai, Hangzhou, Beijing and university to teach since 1921. Be engaged in editing publication job since 1923, ceng Ren business affairs imprints book house, enlightened bookshop edits, chief editor passes " literary weekly " , " novel monthly magazine " , " high school student " wait for a variety of important journals, discovery, education and had recommended cling to the writer such as gold, Ding Ling, Dai Wangshu. He still publishs collect of many peotry anthology, comment and book, had edited text book of Chinese of a few kinds of middle and primary school. The leader that culture education devotes oneself to after People's Republic of China holds water works, hold the post of people to teach the duty such as vice-chairman of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference of curator of undersecretary of press president, Ministry of Education, central Rearch Institute of Culture and History, whole nation.

Life resume

1894, xie Shengtao is born in Suzhou county.

1907, check careless bridge middle school, teacher of graduation successor elementary school. Was elbowed out to give the school 1914, begin creative work of classical Chinese novel.

1915, hold the post of Shanghai business affairs to imprint Jiao Guowen of book house Shang Gongxue's teacher, imprint for business affairs book house makes up textbook of article of elementary school country. Apply for after prefectural straight county establishs the 5th advanced elementary school to teach.

1918, be in " woman magazine " the 4th 2, the novels of 3 the first colloquialism that he publishs on date " Chun Yansuo Tan " .

1919, joined the trendy company of Beijing University, begin the creative work of colloquial literature.

1921, start an organization with the person such as Mao Dun, Zheng Zhenduo " literary seminar " , advocate " literary humanness is unripe " .

1923, enter business affairs to imprint book house is engaged in editing publication job, published novel " Ni Huanzhi " .

1930, turn into enlightened bookshop, sponsor " high school student " magazine.

1931, after 918 emergency, initiate hold water " literary bound anti-imperialist fights day of large alliance " .

During war of resistance against aggression, he heads for Sichuan to continue to chair enlightened bookshop to edit the job, still attend at the same time initiate hold water " literary bound fights aid of enemy's rear area to meet " .

1946, after returning Shanghai, what in holding the position of head of department of general affairs of consortium of literary group of China whole nation and teacher of Shanghai elementary school to combine attend in a advanced studies to be able to be mixed, learn to teach seminar is advisory.

1949, arrive at north to make the same score, hold the position of schoolbook of government of China north people to read and edit committee chairman. Committee member of couplet of article of successor whole nation.

After 1949, take up the post of undersecretary of Ministry of Education, people to teach art of literature of whole nation of press president and chief editor, China early or late vice-chairman of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference of whole nation of curator of adviser of association of writer of committee member of bound combination committee, China, central Rearch Institute of Culture and History, People's Republic of China, the first, 2, 3, 4, committee member of 5 Standing Committee of the National People's Congresses, committee member of standing committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference of the 5th whole nation, vice-chairman of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference of the 6th whole nation, and civilian enter central chairman.