中国皮影传统文化故事？英文双语对照

一块幕布、一点光源，两张方桌、五人戏班，幕布上，几张皮影在艺人操控下，伴随时而婉转、时而激昂的唱腔上下翻飞，演绎人间悲喜、神怪传说。

皮影戏俗称“灯影子”，是我国民间广为流传的傀儡戏之一。相传，皮影戏源于汉武帝的爱情故事。汉武帝对爱妃李夫人的病故悲痛不已，齐人李绍翁在夜晚摆上烛台，拉上帷帐，操控貌似李夫人的人偶在帷帐上舞动。

始于两汉、盛于明清的皮影戏，生命力历经数千年不衰。2011年，皮影戏入选联合国教科文组织人类非物质文化遗产代表作名录。

陕西被公认为是中国皮影的发源地。与地域文化融合，陕西皮影戏又有老腔、碗碗腔、弦板腔、阿宫腔、秦腔、道情等十余种唱腔。流传于陕西省渭南市华州区一带的华县皮影戏，以碗碗腔为主要唱腔，因其皮影造型丰富优美、雕刻细腻多变、染彩绚丽厚重、唱腔动听委婉而兴盛不衰。

魏金全出生在华州区的一个皮影世家，父亲魏振业是华州区四大皮影戏班社之一的光华社社长。在魏金全小时候，华州区活跃着近20家皮影戏班社。光华社邀约不断，最多一次连演86场。

18岁高中毕业后，魏金全正式跟着父亲学艺。华县皮影戏又称“五人忙”，由5个人配合表演，少一人演不了，多一人用不到。前声是指挥兼主唱，签手负责操纵皮影。上档、后槽以及下档均为乐手，配合演奏二弦子、铙钹、唢呐、大号、板胡、梆子、锣等乐器。

魏金全学习的是签手。挑、抵、推、拉、抖、捻、揉、拖、摇、翻转……他一遍遍练习这些技法，两年后才登台演出。

“让皮影动起来容易，‘活’起来难。”魏金全说，皮影没有表情，人物内心世界全靠签手表现。除了会技法，签手还要了解戏，哪一段讲什么内容、哪个人物是什么性格、该用什么动作表现，都要一清二楚。

演了小半辈子皮影的魏金全，也曾有改行的时候。在20世纪90年代，各种新奇时尚的娱乐活动在乡村兴起，皮影戏日渐式微。

近年来，在政府的推动下，皮影戏逐渐有了生存空间。魏金全在农村演出的机会少了，却走进了大城市、大剧院，甚至多次走出了国门，还收过十多名“洋学生”。

从去年10月起，魏金全在西安音乐厅里与脱口秀演员联袂给观众带来一场前所未有的皮影戏表演。

魏金全操控着的皮影孙悟空和白骨精被投射到270°环绕的投影巨幕上，在声光电特效的辅助下，传统皮影戏《三打白骨精》犹如一部奇幻短片，让观众看得津津有味。

沉浸式互动皮影秀《皮影笑传》是西安市明清皮影艺术博物馆联合陕西大剧院，以及西安本土脱口秀厂牌“唐蒜铺子”对传统皮影戏做的创新表达。演出将传统皮影戏用投影巨幕呈现，让皮影与脱口秀同台演出，形成传统艺术与潮流文化的跨界对话。

在魏金全看来，皮影戏“不变不行，变的太多也不行”，可以借助现代技术和编排理念，但在演出中一定要展现传统的唱腔和操纵皮影的方式，而《皮影笑传》恰好保留了这两点。

在西安音乐厅北侧的西安市明清皮影艺术博物馆里，皮影的头茬、身段、神怪动物、桌椅家具、中景大帐等经过灯光照射展现出绚丽色彩，精细流畅的线条丝丝分明。舞台与博物馆，在一动一静、现代与传统之间，将皮影艺术的精致与活力展现得淋漓尽致。

A curtain, a bit illuminant, theatrical company of two pieces of square tables, 5 people, on curtain, a few pieces of Pi Ying are held in actor accuse to fall, the music for voices in a Chinese opera that accompanies infuriation of mild and indirect of from time to time, from time to time breaks up up and down fly, deduce fokelore of terrestrial Bei happy event, gods and spirits.

Shadowgraph common says " lamp shadow " , it is our country folk wide for one of dummy play that circulate. According to legend, shadowgraph results from the love story of Chinese fierce emperor. Chinese fierce emperor is right love madam of plum of the wife of a prince die of illness distress unceasingly, old man of carry on of Qi Ren plum places candlestick in night, pull curtain account, hold the person that accuses to look like Mrs. Li to be waved on curtain account occasionally.

Only then at two Chinese, the shadowgraph that fills Yu Mingqing, classics of vitality all previous does not decline thousands of years. 2011, shadowgraph is selected U.N. Educational mankind is immaterial directory of culture bequest masterpiece.

Shaanxi by fair the birthplace that considers as China Pi Ying. With district culture confluence, shaanxi shadowgraph has more than 10 kinds of music for voices in a Chinese opera such as antrum of palace of old tune, bowl bowl antrum, bowstring board antrum, A, Shaanxi opera, chanting folk tales to the accompaniment of simple percussion instruments again. The China county shadowgraph that circulates at the city austral Shaanxi province short for Weihe River China state division is taken, it is main music for voices in a Chinese opera with bowl bowl antrum,

Wei Jinquan is born in the old and well-known family of shadow of a skin of China state division, course of study of father Wei Zhen is China state division 4 big shadow play one of class companies brilliance company president. In Wei Jinquan in one's childhood, company of China state division is active nearly 20 shadowgraph classes. Brilliance company is invited about ceaseless, perform 86 repeatedly at most.

After 18 years old of high school graduate, wei Jinquan follows father formally to learn art. China county shadowgraph says again " 5 people are busy " , coordinate a show by 5 people, little one person does not act, much person is not used. Sound is direct holds concurrently before advocate sing, autograph hand is in charge of operating Pi Ying. On archives, hind groove and next archives all are happy hand, cooperate to play the 2 a three-stringed plucked instrument, cymbal, suona horn, good-sized, a bowed stringed instrument with a thin wooden soundboard, watchman's clapper, musical instrument such as gong.

Of Wei Jinquan study is autograph hand. Carry, touch, push, pull, tremble, twist, knead, procrastinate, shake, retroflexion... he practices these ability laws, the ability after two years appearances show.

"Shadow letting a skin is moved it is easy to rise, ' vivid ' it is difficult to rise. " Wei Jinquan says, pi Ying does not have expression, person heart world relies on the expression that sign a hand completely. Besides meeting ability law, autograph hand knows joke even, which paragraph says thing of individual of what content, where is what disposition, should use what movement to behave, want as clear as day.

Performed the Wei Jinquan of shadow of skin of smaller part all one's life, ever also had when changing one's profession. In 20 centuries 90 time, the recreational activities of all sorts of new style is in countryside is arisen, shadowgraph with each passing day type is small.

In recent years, in the government drive below, shadowgraph had vivosphere gradually. Wei Jinquan is in a country the chance of the show became little, walked into big city, great theater however, walked out of a country for many times even the door, still had received more than 10 " foreign student " .

Since last year October, wei Jinquan is in Xi'an odeum with the show that take off a mouth actor couplet sleeves the audience brings an unprecedented shadowgraph to perform.

What Wei Jinquan holds accusing Pi Ying grandson to realize sky and essence of bones of the dead to be projected 270 ° surround is umbriferous on huge screen, in acoustical photoelectricity specially good effect auxiliary below, traditional shadowgraph " essence of 3 dozens of bones of the dead " like short film of a strange unreal, let an audience look with pleasure.

Be enmeshed type is interactive Pi Yingxiu " Pi Ying laugh is passed " it is Xi'an city bright Qing Dynasty great theater of Shaanxi of combination of museum of Pi Ying art, and Xi'an mainland takes off a beautiful mill plate " the Tang Dynasty garlic shop " the innovation expression that makes to traditional shadowgraph. The show uses traditional leather-silhouette show umbriferous huge screen appears, shadow letting a skin is the same as stage show with the show that take off a mouth, form the dialog crossing a boundary of traditional art and tide culture.

Look in Wei Jinquan, shadowgraph " changeless be no good, those who change is too much also be no good " , can modern technology mixes have the aid of weave concept, but the music for voices in a Chinese opera that must develop a tradition in the show and operate Pi Ying's means, and " Pi Ying laugh is passed " withheld this fitly at 2 o'clock.

In Xi'an odeum the Xi'an city of boreal side in museum of art of shadow of skin of bright Qing Dynasty, the course lamplight illuminate such as large account of furniture of animal of head stubble of Pi Ying, figure, gods and spirits, desk and chair, medium shot shows a flowery color, careful and fluent line silk silk is trenchant. Arena and museum, be in easily one static, contemporary with the tradition between, leather shadow art delicate show with vigor incisively and vividly.