我的数码相机拍夜景总是很模糊，原因是什么？英文双语对照

夜景是指晚上户外的景物，比如灯火辉煌的建筑物，工厂和海港码头的夜班景色，农村挑灯夜战抢收抢种的场面，美丽幽静的山水夜景，城市街道的繁花景象，节日联欢的热烈气氛等，都是夜景拍摄的好题材。

拍摄夜景，由于光线暗，技术比较复杂，不容易一次就拍摄成功，往往要通过多次的实践。拍摄夜景应注意如下三个要点：

(1)掌握好拍摄的时机和曝光时间。拍摄夜景必须掌握时机，一般多在日落后、天黑前半个小时，也就是天空和地面物体轮廓尚能分清的时候，这是拍摄夜景的最好时机。有些人拍摄夜景的结果不够理想，主要缺陷是天空和地面一样漆黑，只能看到灯光晕影，分不清景物的轮廓，其主要原因就是没合理掌握好拍摄时机。但是这也不是绝对的，有时深夜也能拍出好的照片，这要看具体条件和环境。

其次是要掌握好曝光时间。拍摄夜景时，光线明暗的差别很大。例如天空很亮，地面很黑，有灯光的地方很亮，没灯光的地方很黑。在这种情况下，最好分两次曝光，第—次曝光的目的在于分清天空和地面物体的轮廓，曝光控制在正常时间的三分之—。这样在第二次曝光时天空还要感受一些光线．而曝光不足又可以增加夜间的气氛。在第一次曝光后不要移动照相机，要等到天空全黑，地面的灯全亮时，再进行第二次曝光，第二次曝光的目的主要是表现灯光。曝光时间要根据灯光的强度和距离照相机的远近而定，一般曝光3~5分钟。

例如拍摄大桥夜景，第一次曝光可以在傍晚灯未亮时进行，以便获得大桥和周围建筑物的轮廓影像；然后入夜灯全亮时再进行第二次曝光。

(2)要注意选择拍摄角度和利用景物。拍摄夜景时，除掌握好拍摄时机和曝光时间之外,还要注意拍摄角度的选择，即应该选择灯光和亮度比较集中的地方进行拍摄。同时要注意利用被摄物周围的景物来反映夜景．如水塘、河流、地面积水和雪等。因为水面在夜间能反映灯光、倒影。如拍摄一座建筑物时。由于天空的月亮和星星的照亮将建筑物的上部轮廓反映山来，而水面的倒影则把其下部轮廓呈现出来，这就比没有水的条件下拍摄夜景效果好得多。如果灯光倒映水中，形成弯弯曲曲的明亮波纹时，更会增加画面的生动和美感。

(3)拍摄夜景的操作方法。夜间拍摄动体难度较大，因为夜间拍摄需要曝光时间比较长，动体容易模糊，其次是照相机拿在手里也容易摇动。因此，夜间拍摄时一般都把照相机固定在三角架上。如果没有三角架，也可以把照相机放在其他固定的物体上，以放平稳为准。把快门速度拨到B门上，在开快门之前，先考虑需曝光的时间和曝光次数。假若只要一次曝光，则用快门线最好(一秒钟以内可利用自拍装置)；假若要进行多次曝光时，可先把镜头用盖子盖好，再把快门打开(有的照相机可以锁住快门)．曝光时轻轻把盖子揭开，曝光够了再盖上。

拍摄夜景时，最好能推备—支手电简和闪光灯。在转动光圈，确定距离，寻找零配件时，都可使用手电筒照明；为了突出夜景的前景，用闪光灯加强亮度，所获的效果更为理想。

Night scene is to point to in the evening outdoor scenery, the building with for instance shiny lights, the evening shift scenery of factory and harbour dock, the country carries the scene of rush-planting of rush in the harvest of lamp night fighting, beautiful and peaceful landscape night scene, the numerous beautiful picture with street city, the enthusiastic atmosphere of festal gam, it is the good theme that night scene films.

Film night scene, because the light is dark, the technology is more sophisticated, film not easily successful, often want the practice that adopts for many times. Film night scene should note 3 following points:

(1) has mastered filmed opportunity and time of exposure. Film night scene must grasp an opportunity, it is more commonly before day of backward, day is black half hour, namely when sky and ground object outline still can be distinguished, this is to film the best opportunity of night scene. Some people film the outcome of night scene is not quite ideal, leading defect is sky and ground euqally inky, can see lamp halation movie only, divide the outline of not clear scenery, its are main the reason does not have reasonable good control to film namely opportunity. But this also is not absolutely, also can take good picture late at night sometimes, this should see specific requirement and environment.

It is to should master good time of exposure next. Film when night scene, the difference of radial light and shade is very big. For example the sky is very bright, the area is very black, the place that has light is very bright, the place that does not have lamplight is very black. Below this kind of circumstance, had better divide second exposure, , the outline that the purpose of second exposure depends on distinguishing sky and ground object, exposure control is in of normal time three, . Experience a few lights even in the sky when the 2nd exposure so. And underexposure can add nightly atmosphere again. Do not want mobile camera after first time exposure, want when the sky is completely black, when the light of the ground is completely bright, have exposure the 2nd times again, the 2nd the purpose of exposure basically is expressional lamplight. Time of exposure wants to be decided according to the intensity of lamplight and the far and near that are apart from camera, general exposure 3~5 minute.

Film for example big bridge night scene, first time exposure can be when dusk light is not bright undertake, so that obtain,big bridge is mixed all round the outline of the building is video; Exposure has the 2nd times again when at nightfall light is completely bright next.

(2) should notice choice shooting angle is mixed use scenery. Film when night scene, except had mastered film besides opportunity and time of exposure, note the alternative of shooting angle even, the place that should choose lamplight and brightness to be centered quite namely undertakes filming. Want to notice to use the scenery all round the content that be photographed to mirror night scene at the same time. If pond, river, ground accumulates water and snow,wait. Because surface is in nightly can reflect lamplight, inverted image. If film when a building. Of the moon as a result of the sky and star enlighten the upside outline of the building reflective hill comes, and the inverted image of surface presents its bottom outline come out, this films below the condition than doing not have water night scene effect is good much. If lamplight mirrors in water, when forming sinuate bright ripple, what can add a picture more is vivid with aesthetic feeling.

(3) films the operation method of night scene. Nightly pat perturbation body difficulty bigger, because nightly film need time of exposure grows quite, move body to blur easily, it is camera next it is easy also in the hand to take jolty. Accordingly, nightly when filming, secure camera on tripod commonly. If do not have tripod, also can put camera on other and fixed object, it is smoothly in order to put accurate. Assign shutter rate to B door, before opening shutter, consider to need the time of exposure and exposure time first. If wants exposure only, use shutter release best (a second of less than can be used pat device) oneself; When if should have exposure for many times, can have covered scene with cap first, open shutter again (some camera can chain shutter) . Open lid gently when exposure, exposure became enough build again on.

Film when night scene, best can turn equipment, the report that raise a hand brief with flashlight. In rotational aperture, decide a distance, when searching spare parts, can use flashlight illume; To highlight the foreground of night scene, strengthen brightness with flashlight, obtains result is more ideal.