暴雨、抗洪抢险相关词汇及洪水自救指南

日期： 2024-08-23

暴雨、抗洪抢险相关词汇及洪水自救指南

暴雨常常引发严重的洪水，对社区和基础设施构成重大威胁。掌握暴雨和抗洪抢险相关的核心词汇，如“洪水预警”、“撤离计划”和“沙袋”，以及了解洪水自救指南对于降低灾害风险、保护生命财产至关重要。暴雨引发的洪水需要及时的应对措施，包括紧急服务的部署、建设防洪墙和提供临时避难所等。

▌暴雨相关词汇

torrential rain 暴雨，强降雨 e.g. There is torrential rain in the region in July. 七月份这个地区有强降雨。 rain cats and dogs 下倾盆大雨 e.g. In a sunny winter morning, it might suddenly rain cats and dogs. 在冬季的阳光明媚的早上，也可能会有飘泼大雨。 downpour 滂沱大雨 e.g. The downpour was so heavy that we were soaked by the time we got to the car. 雨下得如此之大以至于我们跑到车跟前时已经湿透了。 pour down 下暴雨 e.g. You'd better take an umbrella - it's pouring down out there. 你最好带把伞，外面下暴雨呢。 the fury of a storm 狂风暴雨
the bluster of the wind and rain 狂风暴雨
the violent thunderstorms 强烈的雷暴
the violent storm 暴风
a heavy rainfall 大雨，暴雨
pouring rain 瓢泼大雨
cloudburst (突然的)大暴雨
heavy rain 暴雨
downpour 倾盆大雨
storm/tempest/rainstorms 暴风雨
red/orange/yellow/blue rainstorm alert 红色/ 橙色/ 黄色/ 蓝色暴雨预警

▌抗洪抢险相关词汇

floods/floodwater/inundation 洪水
relief 救灾
freshet 河水猛涨/涨水
water levels 水位
to burst their banks/breaching of the dyke 决堤/溃堤
watercourses 河道/水道
the flood level 洪水水位
warning level 警戒水位
flash floods 山洪暴发
water discharge 水流量/排水
water reservoirs 水库
Office of State Flood Control and Drought Relief Headquarters 国家防汛抗旱总指挥部
disaster areas 受灾地区
evacuate 疏散
rescue boats 救生艇

stranded residents 受困居民
temporary tents 临时帐篷
settlements 临时居住点
plug the breach 封堵决堤口
inundate crops 淹没农田
worst hit 最严重受灾地区
burst the banks 决堤
low-lying areas 低洼地区
landslides 山崩/滑坡
emergency alert level 紧急警戒级别
emergency materials 紧急援助物资
inflatable boats 充气艇
rubber boats 橡皮艇
fuel barrels 燃料桶
life vests 救生衣 the frontline of flood prevention 抗击洪水的前线
exceed warning levels 超出警戒线
a crucial period of flood control 洪水防控关键时期
emergency response 应急反应
disaster relief efforts 救灾工作
flood-affected poor residents 受灾的贫困人口
strengthen coordination 增强协调
allocate the rescue personnel and supplies in a more scientific way 科学分配人力和物资
cause casualties and property losses 造成人员伤亡和财产损失

▌洪水自救指南

Being caught in a flood is incredibly dangerous. Like many other natural disasters, floods can occur with little to no warning. Flash floods move quickly and have strong currents. They are known to rip trees out of the ground, destroy buildings and cause bridges to collapse. 被困在洪水中是极其危险的。和许多其他自然灾害一样，洪灾会在毫无预警的情况下发生。洪水会在瞬间暴发，来势汹涌，可以把树连根拔起，摧毁建筑物，冲垮桥梁。 Of course, drowning is a threat during a flood, not only because there is so much water and it’s moving quickly, but also because of what the water is carrying. Debris caught in the current can injure anyone in the floodwater, making it more difficult to swim or tread water. 当然，洪灾期间有溺水危险，不仅是因为水很大而且水流很急，还因为水还会带来其他东西。水流中携带的碎片会导致困在洪水中的人受伤，还会让游泳或趟水变得更加困难。 Additionally, floods can cause power outages, communication disruptions, traffic jams and widespread destruction. And, the flood itself isn’t the only issue to contend with. The aftermath can be just as deadly, as it may not be possible to deliver essential supplies such as water and food to the area. 此外，洪水还会导致断电、通信中断、交通拥堵和大面积的破坏。而且，你要对付的不光是洪水。洪水的余波同样致命，因为可能无法向灾区运送水和食物等必需品。 If a flood warning has been issued, seek shelter immediately. Never attempt to walk, swim or drive through floodwaters. It only takes six inches of moving water to knock a person off their feet, and being knocked unconscious by a fall into moving water could be fatal. Additionally, as little as one foot of flood water can sweep cars away. 如果官方发布了洪水预警，要立即寻找庇护所。千万不要试图蹚水、在洪水中游泳或驾车。6英寸（0.15米）高的流动水就能把一个人击倒在地，而在水流中被击昏是很危险的。另外，仅仅1英尺（0.3米）高的洪水就可以把车冲走。

▌突发洪水逃生指南

❶ Avoid bridges that cross rapidly-moving water, as floodwaters can cause bridges to collapse. 避开架在湍急水流之上的桥梁，因为洪水可能会把桥冲垮。 ❷ Listen to emergency broadcasts for further instructions. If told to evacuate, do so. 收听应急广播里的指令。如果指令要求你撤离，就撤离。 ❸ Stay inside a car trapped by fast-moving water. Only get out if the water begins to flood the car itself, then move to the roof of the vehicle. 如果你的车被湍急的水流困住了，就待在车里。如果水开始涌进车里，就转移到车顶上。 ❹ If trapped within a flooding building, move to the highest floor. Do not go into the attic, as it is possible to become trapped there without a way to escape. Only relocate to the roof if necessary. Once there, signal for help (such as drawing SOS on the roof). 如果你被困在洪水泛滥的建筑物里，就上最高层。不要去阁楼，因为阁楼没有逃生通道，可能会被困在里面。如果有必要，就转移到屋顶。在屋顶上发信号求救，比如在屋顶上画SOS。 ❺ Avoid power lines, as they are often damaged or knocked down during strong storms and flooding. A downed power line can cause surrounding water to become charged, leading to electrocution. 远离电线，因为暴雨和洪水往往会损坏或击落电线。被击落的电线会让周围的水带电，从而导致触电死亡。

▌洪水过后做些啥

Do not drink flood water, or use it to wash dishes, brush teeth, or wash/prepare food. Drink clean, safe water. 不要饮用洪水，或用洪水洗碗、刷牙、清洗食物或做饭。一定要饮用干净、安全的水。 Use only bottled, boiled, or treated water for drinking, cooking, bathing, etc. 饮水、做饭、洗澡等都只用瓶装水、沸水或处理过的水。 If you evacuated, return to your home only after local authorities have said it is safe to do so. 如果你撤离了，只有当地权威部门表示已经安全的情况下才能回家。 Avoid driving through flooded areas and standing water. As little as six inches of water can cause you to lose control of your vehicle. 避免驾车经过灾区和积水区，高15厘米左右的水就能让你失去对车的控制。总之，面对暴雨和洪水，我们必须做好充分的准备。掌握相关词汇和自救指南，如撤离计划和沙袋的使用，对于应对洪水至关重要。关注洪水预警、遵循官方指导，将有助于减少洪水带来的损害。最后，及时的准备和行动是防范暴雨和洪水最有效的措施。

上一篇：“人山人海”的英文怎么说?

下一篇：返回列表