化学常识知识大全？英文双语对照

1、相对原子质量最小的原子是氢。

2、熔点最小的金属是汞。

3、人体中含量最多的元素是氧。

4、组成化合物种类最多的元素是碳。

5、日常生活中应用最广泛的金属是铁。

6、地壳中含量最多的金属元素是铝。

7、地壳中含量最多的非金属元素是氧。

8、空气中含量最多的物质是氮气。

9、天然存在最硬的物质是金刚石。

10、最简单的有机物是甲烷。

11、金属活动顺序表中活动性最强的金属是钾。

12、相对分子质量最小的氧化物是水。最简单的有机化合物CH4。

13、相同条件下密度最小的气体是氢气。

14、导电性最强的金属是银。

15、生物细胞中含量最多的前三种元素：O、C、H

16、最早利用天然气的是中国；中国最大煤炭基地在山西省；最早运用湿法炼铜的是中国；最早发现电子的是英国的汤姆生；最早得出空气是由N2和O2组成的是法国的拉瓦锡。

17、水污染的三个主要原因：(1)工业生产中的废渣、废气、废水；(2)生活污水的任意排放；(3)农业生产中施用的农药、化肥随雨水流入河中。

18、通常使用的灭火器有三种：泡沫灭火器；干粉灭火器；液态二氧化碳灭火器。

19、固体物质的溶解度随温度变化的情况可分为三类：

(1)大部分固体物质溶解度随温度的升高而增大；KNO3

(2)少数物质溶解度受温度的影响很小；NaCl

(3)极少数物质溶解度随温度的升高而减小。Ca(OH)2

20、CO2可以灭火的原因有三个：不能燃烧、不能支持燃烧、密度比空气大。

21、单质可分为三类：金属单质；非金属单质；稀有气体单质。

22、当今世界上最重要的三大矿物燃料是：煤、石油、天然气。

23、应记住的三种黑色氧化物是：氧化铜、二氧化锰、四氧化三铁。

24、氢气和碳单质有三个相似的化学性质：常温下的稳定性、可燃性、还原性。

25、教材中出现的三次淡蓝色：液态氧气是淡蓝色；硫在空气中燃烧有微弱的淡蓝色火焰；(3)氢气在空气中燃烧有淡蓝色火焰。

26、与铜元素有关的三种蓝色：(1)CuSO4·5H2O；(2)Cu(OH)2；(3))CuSO4溶液。

27、古代三大化学工艺：造纸、制火药、烧瓷器

28、构成物质的三种粒子：分子、原子、离子

29、原子中的三等式：核电荷数=质子数=核外电子数＝原子序数

30、质量守恒定律解释：原子种类不变、数目不变、质量不变；元素种类不变；质量不变；分子种类一定变，数目不一定变

31、与空气混合点燃可能爆炸的三种气体：H2、CO、CH4 (实际为任何可燃性气体和粉尘)。

32、煤干馏(化学变化)的三种产物：焦炭、煤焦油、焦炉气

33、浓硫酸三特性：吸水、脱水、强氧化

34、收集气体一般有三种方法：排水法、向上排空法、向下排空法。35、取用药品有“三不”原则：不用手接触药品；不把鼻子凑到容器口闻气体的气味；不尝药品的味道。

36、过滤操作中有“三靠”：漏斗下端紧靠烧杯内壁；玻璃棒的末端轻靠在滤纸三层处；盛过滤液的烧杯边缘紧靠在玻璃捧引流。

37、溶液配制的三步骤：计算、称量(量取)、溶解

38、可以直接加热的三种仪器：试管、坩埚、蒸发皿(另外还有燃烧匙)

39、酒精灯使用

(1)酒精灯的使用要注意“三不”：不可向燃着的酒精灯内添加酒精；不可用燃着的酒精灯直接点燃另一盏酒精灯；不可吹熄。

(2)酒精灯内的酒精量不可超过酒精灯容积的2/3也不应少于1/4。

(3)酒精灯的火焰分为三层，外焰、内焰、焰心。用酒精灯的外焰加热物体。

(4)如果酒精灯在燃烧时不慎翻倒，酒精在实验台上燃烧时，应及时用沙子盖灭或用湿抹布扑灭火焰，不能用水冲。

40、试纸的使用：常用的有红色石蕊试纸、蓝色石蕊试纸、pH试纸、淀粉碘化钾试纸和品红试纸等。

(1)在使用试纸检验溶液的性质时，一般先把一小块试纸放在表面皿或玻璃片上，用蘸有待测溶液的玻璃棒点试纸的中部，观察试纸颜色的变化，判断溶液的性质。

(2)在使用试纸检验气体的性质时，一般先用蒸馏水把试纸润湿，粘在玻璃棒的一端，用玻璃棒把试纸放到盛有待测气体的导管口或集气瓶口(注意不要接触)，观察试纸颜色的变化情况来判断气体的性质。

注意：使用pH试纸不能用蒸馏水润湿。

1, the atom with opposite the smallest atomic mass is hydrogen.

2, the metal with the minorrest melting point is mercuric.

3, the element with the most content in human body is oxygen.

4, the element with compositive compound most sort is carbon.

5, the metal with the widest application in daily life is iron.

6, the tantalum with the most content in the lithosphere is aluminous.

7, the metalloid element with the most content in the lithosphere is oxygen.

8, the material with the most content in air is nitrogen.

9, the material with natural the strongest presence is diamond.

10, the simplest organic thing is methane.

11, the metal with the strongest sex of the activity in watch of metallic activity order is potassium.

12, the oxide with opposite element the smallest quality is water. The simplest organic compound CH4.

13, the gas with the smallest density below same condition is hydric.

14, the metal with the strongest conductivity is silver-colored.

15, before 3 kinds of elements with the most content in biology cell: O, C, H

16, what use natural gas the earliest is China; Base of the biggest coal is in China Shanxi province; Apply the earliest wet of refine copper is China; What discover an electron the earliest is British Shangmusheng; Reach air is the stannum pulling tile that what comprise by N2 and O2 is France the earliest.

17, 3 of water pollution main reasons: (1) industry produces medium waste residue, waste gas, liquid waste; (The random of sewage discharges 2) ; (The pesticide of the employ in 3) agriculture production, chemical fertilizer flows into a river along with rainwater in.

18, the fire extinguisher that uses normally has 3 kinds: Bubble fire extinguisher; Powder fire extinguisher; Fire extinguisher of liquid state carbon dioxide.

19, the circumstance that the solubility of solid matter changes along with temperature can divide it is 3 kinds:

(Solubility of major solid matter follows 1) to lift and increase of temperature; KNO3

(The effect that solubility of 2) minority material suffers temperature is very little; NaCl

(What solubility of material of 3) pole minority follows temperature is elevatory and reduce. Ca(OH)2

20, CO2 is OK the reason of put out a fire has 3: Cannot burn, cannot support combustion, density bigger than air.

21, simple substance can divide it is 3 kinds: Metallic simple substance; Metalloid simple substance; Rare gas simple substance.

22, the most important 3 big mineral fuel on current world are: Coal, oil, natural gas.

23, the oxide of 3 kinds of black that should remember is: Oxidation copper, manganese dioxide, 4 oxidation 3 iron.

24, hydric the chemistry that has 3 likeness with carbolic simple substance: The stability below normal temperature, flammability, reproducibility.

25, 3 baby blue that appear in teaching material: Liquid state oxygen is baby blue; Sulfur has faint baby blue blaze in the combustion in air; (3) is hydric in air combustion has baby blue blaze.

26, 3 kinds of blue that concern with copper coin element: (1)CuSO4 · 5H2O; (2)Cu(OH)2; (3))CuSO4 solution.

27, ancient time 3 old chemical technology: Papermaking, make gunpowder, burn china

28, 3 kinds of particle that make material: Element, atomic, ionic

29, the third class type in atom: The electron outside nucleus of = of number of proton of = of nuclear charge number counts ＝ atomic number

30, explanation of quality conversation law: Atomic sort changeless, amount quality is changeless, changeless; Elemental sort is changeless; Quality is changeless; Molecular sort changes certainly, number does not run certainly

31, mix 3 kinds of gas that ignite a likelihood to explode with air: H2, CO, CH4 (is any flammability gas and dust) actually.

32, coal carbonization (chemical change) 3 kinds of child: Coke, coal tar, Jiao Lu is angry

33, thick vitriolic 3 character: Oxidize bibulous, dehydrate, by force

34, collect gas to have 3 kinds of methods commonly: Catchment law, discharge empty law up, discharge empty law downward. 35, take have with medicines and chemical reagents " 3 not " principle: Need not the hand contacts medicines and chemical reagents; Do not smell nose happen by chance to container mouth aeriform odour; Do not taste the flavour of medicines and chemical reagents.

36, filter have in the operation " 3 lean " : Funnel lower end relies on beaker wall closely; The extreme of vitreous club relies on gently in filter paper three-layer to be in; The beaker brim that has filled filtrate relies on closely in glass to hold drainage in both hands.

37, the 3 measure that solution makes up: Computation, metage (the quantity is taken) , deliquescent

38, 3 kinds of instruments that can heat directly: Test tube, crucible, evaporate Min (still have combustion spoon additionally)

39, spirit lamp is used

(The use of 1) spirit lamp should notice " 3 not " : Alcohol cannot be added inside the spirit lamp that Xiang Ran wears; Cannot ignite another spirit lamp directly with lighting spirit lamp; Cannot blow out.

(The alcohol quantity inside 2) spirit lamp cannot exceed the 2/3 of spirit lamp cubage to also do not answer little at 1/4.

(The blaze cent of 3) spirit lamp is three-layer, heart of outer flame, inner flame, blaze. The outer flame that uses spirit lamp heats object.

(When 4) is burning like fruit spirit lamp inadvertent overset, alcohol is in on experimental stage when combustion, should destroy in time with sand lid or extinguish blaze with wet dishcloth, cannot rush with water.

40, the use of test paper: Commonly usedly test paper of gules litmus paper, blue litmus paper, PH, amylaceous iodine changes potassium test paper and pinkish red test paper to wait.

(1) examines in use test paper when the property of solution, put a small test paper in exterior Min or glass first commonly piece on, with dip in those who remain to measure the vitreous club of solution to order test paper is mid, observe the change of test paper color, judge the quality of solution.

(2) examines in use test paper when aeriform property, use distilled water first commonly test paper embellish wet, stick in the one aspect of the matter of vitreous club, put test paper with vitreous club fill the tracheal mouth that remains to measure gas or opening of collect gas cylinder (the attention does not contact) , the metabolic condition that observes test paper color will judge aeriform quality.

Attention: Use PH test paper cannot use distilled water profit wet.