什么叫做影视文化？英文双语对照

首先非常感谢在这里能为你解答这个问题，让我带领你们一起走进这个问题，现在让我们一起探讨一下。

影视文化即电影电视文化是20世纪人类科技发展的新的成果。影视文化由于建立在这样一个前提背景之上，而拥有了许多迥异于传统文化形态、品种的特殊性、复杂性与丰富性。本文将就影视文化的界定、影视文化的构成、影视文化的几个基本关系等作一理论上的探讨。

一、 影视文化界定

“影视文化”这一概念的界定，包括两个方面的内涵与外延的界定，即作为一种客观存在形态的“影视”和作为一种影响人类生活的“影视文化”的界定。

（一） 电影、电视与影视

什么是电影，什么是电视，什么是影视，是进入“影视文化”界定的首要问题。

关于“电影”的界定，有一些不同的表述，但对其基本的客观存在形态的认识应是一致的。《电影艺术辞典》中关于电影是这样表述的：“根据‘视觉暂留’原理，运用照相（以及录音）手段，把外界事物的影像（以及声音）摄录在胶片上，通过放映（以及还音），在银幕上造成活动影像（以及声音），以表现一定内容的技术。电影是科学技术经过长时间的发展达到一定阶段的产物”（《电影艺术辞典》，中国电影出版社1986年12月第1版）。这一表述对目前电影的基本的客观存在形态作了较为准确的把握，同时也对“电影”存在形态的历史演革进行了详尽的阐释，如“视觉暂留”现象及理论的发现、照相术的研制、胶卷的发明、“活动电影视镜”的发明、彩色电影与有声电影的创造等。

关于“电视"的界定，也并非易事。尽管从客观存在形态看，电视未必比电影更复杂，但构成电视的元素、要素同样是丰富的。《中国广播电视百科全书》对“电视”作了这样的表述：“使用电子技术手段传输图像和声音的现代化传播媒介。它通过光电变换系统使图像（含屏幕文字）、声音和色彩即时重现在覆盖范围内的接收机荧屏上”。这一表述进一步扫描了电视传播的全过程：“一、电视台运用电视摄像管和话筒摄取景物图像及伴音，然后按一定的构思和顺序加以编辑组合，制作成各类电视节目；二，把电视节目的视频信号用电子扫描方式进行光电分解，即由发送端的摄像管把节目的图像、声音和色彩转变为脉冲信号，再通过电缆和天线发送出去；三，由接收端的显像管把接收到的电脉冲信号转换为光影图像、声音和色彩，在荧屏上还原为完整的节目”（均见《中国广播电视百科全书》，中国广播电视出版社1995年1月第1版）。这一表述也注意到了电视吸收各种传统艺术样式、其他媒体样式的因素而呈现出的“综合性”特征。

关于“影视”的界定，可以在上述关于电影、电视界定基础上进行。从客观存在形态上看，为什么将“影视”放在一起进行表述？这自然是因为电影、电视的相近性、共性的存在，而它们最集中、最突出、最直观的相近性或共性便是“有声有画的活动影像”。尽管电影、电视的技术特征、艺术特征、传播特征各不相同，但在“有声有画的活动影像”这一形态特征上是一致的。这是“影视”并提的重要基础。尽管电影、电视各有其特定的规定性，但广义的“影视”概念将包括电影、电视生产与传播的全部。

（二） “影视文化”的三个系统

狭义地看，“影视”指电影、电视交叉的共性部分；广义地看，“影视”包括电影、电视生产与传播的全部。而“影视文化”同样可以从三个系统中见出其特质和地位。

1. 从大众传播系统来看。

电影、电视自诞生起，就以其广泛的覆盖性而与传统印刷媒体发生了歧变。传统印刷媒体不论是传播渠道、方式，还是接受渠道、方式，还是传播机制，都带有浓烈的个人化、个性化特色，而伴随现代科技成长起来的电影、电视，则以其科技优势而迅速在大众传播系统中成为重要角色。从印刷媒体——电子传媒，大众传播系统内部各媒体在此消彼长中成长。

大众传播系统

从表中我们看出，电影、电视无论是与传播印刷媒体相比，还是与广播比，都在传播范围、传播能力上占有许多优势。报纸、杂志的文字传播需一定的知识基础，广播单一的声音传播难免丢失很多重要的可感知信息，而电影、电视的声像合一、声画结合，使其获得了相对“全息性”的传播能力，可以覆盖更大的传播范围。

2. 从艺术系统来看。

人类迄今为止所创造的主要艺术形式主要由文字形态、非文字形态、综合形态三类组成，它们合成了人类的艺术创造系统。

不论是文字形态的艺术品种，还是非文字形态的艺术品种，乃至综合形态的戏剧，它们都经历了数千年的历史积淀，在人类文化史上写下了重要的篇章。电影与电视尽管在艺术系统中资历最浅，但却以其巨大的包容力，吸纳了以往人类艺术创造的许多因子，作为其基本元素，并创造性地整合为新的艺术品种——将文字与非文字、时间与空间、视觉与听觉有机地组合在一起，借助其强大的传播优势，创造出20世纪艺术的新的成果与成就极大地影响着人类的社会生活。

3. 从娱乐休闲系统来看。

娱乐休闲是人类生活中不可或缺的内容。娱乐休闲在各民族不同历史时期都有各不相同的方式与表现。仅从现代人们普遍流行的一些娱乐休闲方式的比较中，就可看出电影、电视的特质与地位。

娱乐休闲系统

健身作为一种娱乐休闲方式，包括了滑冰、樊岩、器械训练、球类活动等；游艺则包括了棋、牌、跳舞、卡拉OK及书画等；旅行则包括了观光旅游、购物等。电影、电视作为人们的一种娱乐休闲方式，不论是从资金投入，还是从消费便捷程度上，都是最日常、最方便的一种。而且由于电影、电视信息量大，或想象力强、艺术魅力强，人们在娱乐休闲中还可以充分得到信息服务或艺术享受。

（三） 电影、电视文化的共性与差异

从上面的分析中，我们可以对“影视文化”作一简要的概括和界定。所谓“影视文化”，是人类借助现代科技手段所创造的电影电视文化样式。具体来说，“影视文化”是人类重要的传播样式，也是人类重要的艺术样式和娱乐休闲样式。狭义地讲，“影视文化”指的是电影、电视共同的“有声有画的活动影像”即影视艺术及其对社会生活的影响；广义地讲，“影视文化”泛指以电影、电视方式所进行的全部文化创造。

这里需要指出的是，以上文字主要着眼于“影视”的共性、共同点来展开论述。事实上，电影、电视之间的差异也是显而易见的。从主体形态来看，电影主要以故事片形态存在着，而电视则主要以纪录性信息为主体形态；电影倾力于艺术“作品”的创造；电视则倾力于“生活信息流”的传达；从美学原则来看，电影主要处理的是虚构性的艺术信息（着力于艺术表现），电视则主要处理的是非虚构性的生活原生态信息（着力于“生活真实感”的实现）；电影更多追求艺术的独创性与经典价值，电视则更多追求现实生活信息流的独特发掘与实际价值；从文化取向来看，除主流文化的主导地位在电影、电视两个部门同样重要外，电影似乎更多倾向于精英文化的价值取向，而电视则似乎更多倾向于大众文化的价值取向。此外，在电影、电视的传播过程中，技术的、艺术的、传播者的、传播方式的、生产方式的、受众的、传播环境的、接受环境的意义、地位、价值、角色、特征等都有不少差异。简单说来，“影视文化”尽管拥有传播系统、艺术系统、娱乐休闲系统的诸多共性、共同性、接近性，但二者也同样拥有不少差异和不同，相比较而言，对于电影来说，或许艺术是第一位的、传播是第二位的；而于电视来说，或许传播是第一位的、艺术是第二位的。因此，电影文化与电影艺术更为亲近；而电视文化与电视传播密不可分。

（四） 小结

作为电影文化、电视文化整体上的共性与差异如上所述。而作为整体的“影视文化”，因此可以从狭义、广义两种视角上被进一步界定。这就是说，狭义的“影视文化”，应当是体现为“影视艺术”，即以相对完整、相对独立的电影、电视艺术作品为主体的影视存在形态，包括电影故事片、电视剧及艺术性的电影纪录片、艺术性的电视“屏幕作品”（如艺术性的电视文学作品、电视艺术片及艺术性的电视纪录片）。而广义的“影视文化”，应当是体现为电影、电视全部的存在形态。尽管电影、电视之间有诸多差异和不同，但二者的共性应当是被更多关注并研究的。一方面，在传播系统、艺术系统、娱乐休闲系统二者意义、价值、地位相当接近；另一方面，可以通过物质的（包括技术与形态的）、体制的（包括生产与传播的）、观念的（包括各种价值理念的）不同层面的比较与分析，寻找出它们相对共性的那些存在。

二、 影视文化（广义的）的构成

从广义上看，影视文化是由物质的（包括技术与形态的）、体制的（包括生产与传播的）、观众的（包括各种价值理念的）三层面构成。

（一） 物质层面

影视文化在物质层面体现为技术上与形态上的可以直接为人可感、可见的物态化存在。这一层面的影视文化变动速度很快，由于电影、电视技术的不断革新和改进，而使电影、电视的形态和传播方式不断处于变化之中。

电影的技术发展经过了较长时间的积累。在17世纪，牛顿首先发现了反映在人的视网膜上的形象不会立即消失这一重要现象。1824年，英国的彼得·马克·罗格特在伦敦公布了他的“视觉暂留”理论。所谓“视觉暂留”，即人的眼睛在观看运动的物象或形象时，每个物象、形象都在消失后继续滞留于视网膜上约不到一秒钟的时间。人眼的这种视觉特征，使在人的视网膜上组合出运动的形象有了可能。此时，法国的约琴夫·尼埃浦斯开始了他的照相术研究。他在1822年拍出了第一张原始的照片，曝光时间长达14小时。此后，法国舞台美工师达盖尔与尼埃浦斯合作，利用当时已经发明的碘剂感光法，借助于水银蒸发，终于把特定的形象固定了下来，这种完整的照相术和洗印方法首次成功于1839年。被称为“达盖尔照相法”的照相技术于是迅速发展起来。1851年湿性珂锣锭的发明使一张底版可以印出多张照片，1888年美国的乔治·伊斯曼发明了胶卷，并于1894年与发明家爱迪生合作制成了首部“活动电影视镜”。“活动电影视镜”已经初步具备了电影拍摄、洗印、放映三个基本元素，但它是把15.24米（50英尺）的凿孔胶片放映在一个大箱子里，一次只能供一个人观看。到1895年，法国的卢米埃尔兄弟制造出能将影像放映在白色幕布上的电影机，至此，成熟的电影宣告诞生。

电影初创时期是以无声和黑白的形态出现的。欧洲电影以记录现实生活场景为主，美国电影则以游艺表演的展示为主。在电影初创的第一个十年里，有人已开始对无声电影添加声音元素的探索，许多影院里出现了乐队、乐师同步现场为无声电影配音乐音响的情形。在美国贝尔电话公司发明的“维他风”系统，即大型唱片录音结合机械连结装置，造成音画同步的基础上，德国托比斯公司很快推出了光学录音还音系统。20年代末有声电影始告诞生。在前苏联电影大师爱森斯坦及克莱尔手中，还尝试探索出了音画关系的不同形式（如音画对位、画外音等），至此声音真正成为电影的一个重要艺术元素。

与有声电影的发展历程相似，彩色电影在其原始阶段也采用人工操作方式。在无声电影时期，许多故事片采用在某一场景或段落的胶片上涂上某种颜色，以加强效果的尝试，有的还在胶片上逐格添涂色彩。1913年拍摄的意大利影片《庞贝尔日记》中，维苏威火山爆发的场景就涂成了红色、橘色的火焰和深蓝色的天空，1925年拍摄的前苏联影片《战舰波将金号》起义后的战舰上升起了红色旗帜。自20年代开始这种“加色法”为“减色法”所替代，1927年拍摄的美国影片《宾虚传》和此前的《黑海盗》（1926年）中一些彩色场面即采用此法。到1935年，三色的彩色系统宣告成功，第一部真正的彩色影片《名利场》正式问世。而彩色在电影中的广泛使用则延后至五、六十年代。

电影诞生一百多年来，从黑白、无声到有声、彩色，又从小银幕到立体电影、宽银幕电影，不断进行着技术革新与改造，也使得电影的形态不断发生变化，电影艺术的元素不断

丰富，电影的形式、品种不断拓展扩大。近十年来现代高新技术进入电影，使电影形态进一步发生变革、创新。如三维动画、电脑特技、现代录音技术等的加入，使电影构成的元素、电影的时空观念、电视的声画、视听表视力、冲击力和感染力不断加强。

如果说电影建立在现代照相技术、洗印技术（化学工业）等技术基础之上，那么电视则是建立在现代无线电电子技术基础上诞生的。电视技术的过程，涉及到电视节目的制作、播控、转播、发射、传送等多个环节。

电视的出现首先得益于电磁感应现象的发现。电视的源起开始于电报、电话等有线电子传播媒介的发明。而无线电的发明、通信技术的发明使得电子媒介摆脱了有形的电线，无线电子传播成为了可能。

无线电电子传送首先在声音的传送上试验成功，这便是广播的诞生。此后，英国工程师发现的硒的光电效应，德国、前苏联、美国等国的科学家各自发明了电视发射和接收的控制系统，并利用图像分解原理和扫描原理，解决了图像传送的信道问题。在此基础上，20世纪20年代，机械电视首先在英国和美国出现。随着电视摄像机的发明和接收机

的问世，美国科学家发明的全电子电视取代了机械电视，标志着真正的现代电视的问世。至本世纪30年代，英国广播公司定期演播，英国、德国、美国、前苏联的电视也相继诞生。

电视形态的每一次变革都伴随着电视新技术的改进。从制作手段的技术改进来看，大的发展段落是从模拟化阶段，逐步走入数字化阶段。在模拟化阶段，声音与图像的清晰度、逼真方式也经常因技术的变革而变革。从声音的发展看，手摇式唱机、电唱机、钢丝式录音机、磁带录音机、激光唱盘（CD）等手段和方式的渐次递进，使电视的声音越来越清晰而逼真。从图像的发展看，从黑白电视、彩色电视到高清晰度电视的渐次递进，从分体的摄录设备到一体化的摄录设备（如ENG），使电视图像还原生活的水平也越来越趋于清晰和逼真。进入数字化时代，凭借电脑特技与多媒体制作，电视声像的表现力、感染力日益增强，而且电视节目制作也日趋简化与方便，电视节目制作能力也因此大大增强，电视节目的形态、品种、类型也因此而更加丰富多彩。

从传送和接收来看，从无线微波传送，到有线电缆或光导纤维的传送，到卫星传送，覆盖面日益扩大，电视信号日益清晰，电视频道日益丰富，容量日益加大，这都使电视的生产和传播能力的大大增强成为了可能。

影视文化的发展是以物质层面技术的发展为基础、前提与动力的。影视技术的进步，带来了其形态的变化与丰富，也改变了人们对于影视的接受、理解与参与的方式和习惯，改变了人们的影视思维与观念。

（二） 制度层面

制度层面或者说体制方面的建设与发展在影视文化构成中处于至为关键的中介地位。影视文化制度层面的内容既有宏观的社会制度背景，也有具体的生产制度和管理制度。

1. 社会制度：

影视文化的宏观社会制度背景，对影视文化发展而言是最大的制约。如一般说来，资本主义社会制度背景下的影视业，往往以追求商业利益的最大化为首要目标。而社会主义社会制度背景下的影视业，则往往将社会效益放在首位考虑，以较好的社会效益的实现为首要目标。资本主义社会制度背景下的影视产品，其商品色彩往往极浓，而社会主义社会制度背景下的影视产品，则宣传教育色彩普遍较为浓烈。

2. 生产制度：

影视生产是影视文化的主体构成部分。为有效地进行影视生产，而形成的一系列协调各方面关系的组织机构，是影视生产制度的具体体现。影视生产制度在总体上与其社会制度相吻合，同时又有自己的特点和特质。在资本主义社会制度中，影视生产基本上按照资本主义市场规则，以制片公司、媒体公司的组织机构形式为主体运行运作的。在社会主义社会制度背景下，影视生产一般按照计划经济的规则，以全民所有制的制片厂、电视台的组织机构形式为主体运行运作的。但是一种生产制度的建立并不易事，要改造体制面临各种实际困难。尤其是对于长期生存于社会主义计划经济体制中的中国影视业来说，面临着向社会主义市场经济体制转轨的形势，传统计划体制下的一系列复杂问题不可能一下子解决。有人提出“制度创新”、“体制创新”，就是在这样的意义上进行表述的。

的确，在影视生产进入数字化生存的时代，在影视生产面临着集所有传统媒体于一身并产生着巨大能量的网络传播的时代，传统的单一的、狭小的、小而全生产制度，传统的

媒体间各自为政的局面，传统的条块分割的局面，都将面临着巨大的冲击。1999年美国传统的最有号召力的娱乐业集团——华纳公司与美国最时尚、最现代的传媒集团——美国在线的合并，震动了全球。这种“强强联合”，本身就是将影视及相关媒体的生产制度赋予更充实、更宏大的内涵。中国的影视业还面临着另一个挑战，这就是中国可能加入WTO后影视业遭遇的国外传媒业、影视业的冲击。这些都为加速中国影视的生产制度的改革提供了时代性的机遇。

3. 管理制度：

影视生产的管理制度应视为其社会制度背景下生产制度的具体化，指的是影视生产与传播过程中对于各个环节（尤其是人、财、物几个方面领域）的管理制度。资本主义影视生产中的管理基本依照资本运营的规则，以利益、利润最大化为指针，通过影视生产的成本核算，来实施其人、财、物等的管理。社会主义影视生产中的管理，与社会主义影视生产制度基本一致，体现为政方式（或手段）与市场方式（或手段）的双轨并行。从中国影视管理体制来看，对人事、资金、产品的运作使用，一方面以行政方式为主导（如干部任用、资金投入、产品把关审查等），另一方面也在宏观行政管理中融入市场方式（如人员聘用、资金多渠道来源、产品进入市场竞争——对“票房价值”与“收视率”的高度重视等）。

影视生产的宏观管理与微观管理，都离不开特定法律法规的保障。影视生产本身既是可以产生巨大社会效益的公益性事业，又是可以赚取巨额利润的文化产业，如何使影视生产既能保证其自身利益的获得，又能为社会提供有益的精神食粮，如果没有针对影视生产的特定的法律法规的制约，单靠行政手段和市场手段去调节，还是力度不够的。因此为影视生产制订相应的法律法规，并在此基础上形成一系列管理条例才会更有效地作用于影视生产，进而从制度上保障影视文化的健康发展。

（三） 观念层面

影视文化观念层面体现为影视的价值取向与价值理念，而这价值取向与价值理念，渗透在影视生产与传播的各个环节、各个方面。

影视的观念，就是人们对于影视的理性的认识、理解与把握，是人们的一般社会文化观念在影视中的体现，也是人们对影视实际生产与传播过程中的各种价值取向、价值理念的理性的认识、理解与把握。

从人们的一般社会文化中的价值理念与影视的价值理念的比较中，我们可以见出，有时影视的价值理念超前于人们的一般社会文化观念，这时影视可能充当社会文化变革的先锋的角色；有时影视的价值理念滞后于人们的一般社会文化观念，这时影视可能就充当了社会文化发展中的保守的角色。

从影视观念自身的变革来看，除了大的社会生活环境变革的冲击与影响，大的社会文化观念的冲击与影响，其自身也必然会进行着观念的演革与嬗变。尽管与物质层面的变革相比，观念层面的变革要艰难、缓慢得多，但物质层面与制度层面的变革，终究要极大地刺激、影响着观念层面的变革。而影视一旦在观念层面发生剧变。势必极大地反作用于影视的物质层面与制度层面，使其相应发生剧变。

这里仅从影视的文化角色定位和其功能的定位上来看影视文化观念层面的一些情形。

影视的文化角色定位，包括主流文化、精英文化、大众文化及边缘文化几种情形。影视文化角色定位于主流文化，意味着影视生产与传播将围绕主流意识形态的需要，体现主流意识形态的意志（中国影视“喉舌”、“二为”、“主旋律”等概念典型、生动地表述了其主流文化的角色定位）。影视文化角色定位于精英文化，意味着影视生产与传播将围绕影视生产与传播主体个性化乃至个人化创作与思考的需要，更多体现影视生产与传播主体个性化乃至个人化的意志（所谓“创造性”、“独特性”、“经典性”等）。影视文化角色定位于大众文化，意味着影视生产与传播将围绕大众普遍的、当下的情感心理诉求，满足其普遍的、当下的情感心理需要（如所谓“通俗性”、“流行性”、“好看”、“时尚性”等）。影视文化角色定位于边缘文化，意味着影视生产与传播将围绕非主流、非大众也可能非精英的那些影视生产与传播主体的极端个人化的理念，有时可能是影视生产与传播主体借助影视手段、方式对于人类生存境况的感性表达，有时可能是影视生产与传播主体对于影视自身手段、方式的可能性的开掘与探求（如所谓“实验性”、“先锋性”等）。

由于主流文化、精英文化、大众文化、边缘文化自身价值理念的差异，而使得影视文化角色的定位，对于影视观念的呈现、体现起着直接的制约作用。

当然我们也要看到，这几种影视文化角色定位的情形，揭示的是极端典型的状态，而事实上，具体的影视生产与传播过程中，这几种观念经常会纠结在一起，我们只能约略地判断其主导观念的倾向，而不能简单地将其判定为“非此即彼”的单一价值取向，不然，怎样解释影视生产与传播中经常出现的“雅俗共赏”的情形呢？

而在影视功能的定位上，情形可能会更为复杂。影视的功能内容包括娱乐消遣的、宣传教育的、信息传播的、审美的、认识的等几个方面。影视功能定位于娱乐消遣，意味着影视生产与传播将围绕着大众普遍的、当下的轻松愉悦的感官享受，而努力去适应、迎合乃至超附加媚俗。尽管娱乐消遣本身也有层次高低之分，但上述特质应当不可或缺。娱乐消遣往往排斥深度的、个性化的体验与思考，同时由于其容易满足大众普遍的当下的某些情感心理需求乃至感官刺激需求，而赢得较高“票房价值”或“收视率”，从而获得较大的经济利益。需要指出的是，这并不意味着只要追求“娱乐消遣”功能，就能达到这一目标（最好的经济效益），真正的有较高经济效益同时又实现“娱乐消遣”功能的影视产品，也往往需要一定的思想容量特别是智慧含量。“通俗”并不等于“庸俗”乃至“低俗”。影视功能定位于宣传教育，意味着影视生产与传播将围绕着当下主流意识形态以及当下人们普遍认同并普遍需要的某种或某些理念来予以传达，在这里，尤为重要的是当下的政治理念和道德理念。任何一个民族、国家和地区，都必然会对影视生产与传播进行程度不同、方式不同的政治理念、道德理念的制约。各国影视生产与传播的审查、监督机制尽管有差异，但也有许多共同点。我们这里所说的走向极致的“宣传教育”影视产品，往往体现出概念大于形象、抽象大于具象的特点，有些未必认真投入生产与传播（或不认同这种理念而敷衍了事）的此类影视产品，有可能得到主流文化或一部分接受者的认同，实现了一定的社会效益，但由于此类影视产品“说教味”太浓，而常常达不到其预想的效果。当然，真正好的“宣传教育”影视产品，应“寓教于乐”，才能达到令人满意的社会效益。虽然大多数此类产品社会效益转好，经济效益较差，但优秀产品理应实现社会效益、经济效益双丰收（或“双赢”）。影视功能定位于审美，意味着影视生产与传播，将围绕当下人们普遍的审美趣味与审美取向，满足当下人们普遍的审美需求。但审美取向、审美趣味、审美需求往往既有共同性，又有个别性，既有可以理念地表述的，也有“不可理喻”、“莫名其妙的”。影视产品的审美功能的实现，常常不易单独地抽取出来，因为它总是与特定环境中人们的思想、心理、情感的总体需要的特征联结在一起。影视功能定位于信息传播或认识，是比较理性的一种选择。作为大众传播媒介，影视的生产与传播当然离不开其信息传播和认识的功能，但这种比较理性的功能选择能独立实现吗？实际上与审美功能的实现相似（只不过“审美”更为感性），影视生产与传播在信息传播和认识功能的实现上，也往往不能单独地抽取出来，而需一定的外在“包装”和内在内容的展现。（如依托于一个感人的故事或一个真实的事件）。

不论怎样，影视文化观念层面的情状，对于影视文化的发展起着极大的制约作用。

在以上的分享关于这个问题的解答都是个人的意见与建议，我希望我分享的这个问题的解答能够帮助到大家。

在这里同时也希望大家能够喜欢我的分享，大家如果有更好的关于这个问题的解答，还望分享评论出来共同讨论这话题。

我最后在这里，祝大家每天开开心心工作快快乐乐生活，健康生活每一天，家和万事兴，年年发大财，生意兴隆，谢谢！

Thank very much above all can solve this problem for you here, let me guide you to walk into this problem together, let us be discussed together now.

Culture of movie and TV namely the new achievement that film TV culture is development of science and technology of 20 centuries mankind. Because culture of movie and TV is built on setting of such a premise, and had a lot of disparate the characteristic at traditional culture configuration, breed, complexity and rich sex. Of culture of movie and TV of article put up with limit, of culture of movie and TV form, a few of culture of movie and TV main concerns wait to be discussed theoreticly.

One, cultural circles of movie and TV is decided

"Culture of movie and TV " of this one concept limit, of the connotation that includes two fields and extension limit, regard a kind of objective existence as configuration namely " movie and TV " with what affect human life as a kind " culture of movie and TV " limit.

(one) the film, TV and movie and TV

What is the film, what is TV, what is movie and TV, it is to enter " culture of movie and TV " limitted first issue.

About " the film " limit, a few is state differently, but the understanding of basic to its objective existence form should be consistent. " cinematics dictionary " in about the film such stating: "Basis ' visual of short duration stays ' principle, apply take a picture (and recording) method, outside thing video (and sound) photograph collection go up in film, through showing (and sound reproduction) , the activity is caused on screen video (and sound) , in order to behave the technology of certain content. The film is the production that science and technology reachs certain level through long evolution " (" cinematics dictionary " , chinese movie publishing house in December 1986 the 1st edition) . This is stated right at present the basic objective existence form of the film was made relatively accurate hold, also be opposite at the same time " the film " the history of existence configuration performed change to have detailed illumination, be like " visual of short duration stays " phenomenon and academic discovery, take a picture the invention of the development of art, film, " lens of mobile cable movie and TV " the creation of film of invention, color and talkie.

About " of TV " limit, also be not easy thing. Although look from objective existence configuration, TV may not is more complex than the film, but the element that makes TV, element is rich likewise. " encyclopedia of Chinese broadcasting television " right " TV " made such stating: "Measure of use electron technology transmits image and audio modernization to transmit agency. It makes through photoelectricity shift system image (contain screen written language) , sound and colour are weighed immediately enclothe the receiver screen inside limits to go up now " . This states farther scanning the whole process that TV transmits: "One, the TV station applies pickup canal and mike to absorb scenery image and audio, try to edit combination by certain conception and order next, design of all kinds TV program; 2, undertake the video signal of the TV program photoelectricity is decomposed with electronic scanning means, transform the image of the program, sound and colour by the camera tube that sends end namely for pulse signal, repass cable and antenna are sent go out; 3, it is the changeover of electric pulse signal that receives by the picture tube of sink smooth movie picture, sound and colour, reductive on the screen for whole program " (all see " encyclopedia of Chinese broadcasting television " , press of Chinese broadcasting television in January 1995 the 1st edition) . This states the element that also noticed TV draws all sorts of traditional and artistic styles, other media type and appear go out " omnibus " feature.

About " movie and TV " limit, can be in afore-mentioned limit a foundation about the film, TV aspirant travel. Look from objective existence configuration, why will " movie and TV " put together undertake stating? This nature is the existence of the close sex because of the film, TV, general character, and they most the the concentration, most outstanding, most intuitionistic close sex or general character are " phonic the activity that has a picture is video " . Although the technology of the film, TV is feature, artistic feature, transmission feature each are not identical, but be in " phonic the activity that has a picture is video " it is consistent on feature of this one configuration. This is " movie and TV " the main base that shifts. Although the film, TV has its specific regulation sex each, but of broad sense " movie and TV " what the concept will include production of the film, TV and transmission is all.

(2) " culture of movie and TV " 3 systems

Narrow sense ground looks, "Movie and TV " the general character part that points to across of the film, TV; Broad sense ground looks, "Movie and TV " those who include production of the film, TV and transmission is all. And " culture of movie and TV " can see from inside 3 systems likewise piece its are idiosyncratic with the position.

1.From the point of mass communication system.

The film, TV is born oneself case, enclothe a gender extensively with its and presswork with the tradition media produced branch to change. The tradition pressworks media is transmission channel, means no matter, still accept channel, way, still spread a mechanism, contain distinguishing feature of powerful personification, individuation, and accompany modern science and technology to grow the film that rise, TV, make important part quickly with advantage of its science and technology in mass communication system. From presswork media -- electronic medium, each media is in interior of mass communication system this disappear the other party is chief in grow.

Mass communication system

From inside the watch we see, no matter the film, TV is presswork with transmission media photograph is compared, still compare with broadcast, have a lot of advantages on capacity of transmission limits, transmission. The literal transmission of newspaper, magazine requires certain intellectual base, the voice transmission hard to avoid with single broadcast is a lot of more missing important can feel information, and the acoustic image syncretic of the film, TV, sound draws band, make its were obtained opposite " holographic quality " transmission capacity, can cover bigger transmission range.

2.From the point of artistic system.

The main and artistic form that the mankind creates up to now is main by literal configuration, blame character configuration, integrated configuration 3 kinds are comprised, they synthesized human art to create a system.

It is the artistic breed of literal configuration no matter, still be not the artwork of literal configuration to plant, and even of integrated configuration Thespian, they experienced history of thousands of years to accumulate, in the mankind important canto was written down on culture history. Although the film and TV are in in artistic system qualifications and record of service is the most shallow, but include tremendously with its however force, inducted before a lot of factor that human art creates, regard its as woof, and creativity ground conformity is planted for new artwork -- character and blame character, time and space, vision and hearing organic ground is set together, have the aid of its powerful transmission dominant position, the new gain that creates a 20 centuries art and achievement are affecting social life of the mankind greatly.

3.From the point of recreation system.

Recreation is the indispensable content in human life. Recreation differs in each nation historical period has each not same way and show. Only from the way of a few recreation with modern general and popular people mediumer, what can see the film, TV is idiosyncratic with the position.

Recreation system

Fitness regards a kind of recreation as means, included to skate, training of Fan Yan, appliance, ball kind the activity; Entertainment included chess, brand, dance, card pulls OK and painting and calligraphy to wait; The journey included to go sightseeing travel, shop etc. The film, TV regards a kind of recreation of people as means, it is no matter throw from capital, or from consumption convenient on degree, it is the dailiest, a the most convenient kind. And because information content of the film, TV is big, or imagination is strong, artistic glamour is strong, people still can be filled in recreation cent gets information serves or art is enjoyed.

(3) the general character of culture of the film, TV and difference

From inside the analysis above, we can are opposite " culture of movie and TV " make be generalized briefly and limit. Alleged " culture of movie and TV " , it is the form of film TV culture that place of method of modern science and technology creates human have the aid of. Specific for, "Culture of movie and TV " it is the mankind's main transmission type, also be the mankind's main artistic type and recreation style. Narrow sense ground is told, "Culture of movie and TV " those who point to is the film, TV is collective " phonic the activity that has a picture is video " namely art of movie and TV and the influence that its live to the society; Broad sense ground is told, "Culture of movie and TV " the whole culture creation that generally refer to has with place of means of the film, TV.

What need points out here is, above character is main with a view to " movie and TV " general character, common feature will spread out discuss. In fact, the difference between the film, TV also is clearly. From the point of main body configuration, the film basically is existing with feature film configuration, and TV criterion basically gives priority to bodily form condition with record sex information; Art of Yu Yi of film bend force " work " creation; Force of TV criterion bend at " life iformation flow " communicate; From the point of aesthetic principle, the artistic information that what the film basically handles is dummy sex (exert oneself is behaved at art) , the information of living former modes of life and relation to their environment of the dispute fiction sex that TV basically handles (exert oneself at " life sense of reality " come true) ; What film more seeks skill is Promethean with classical value, what TV criterion more goes after real life iformation flow is distinctive disentomb with real value; From the point of culture orientaton, the dominant position that eliminates mainstream culture is in the film, TV two sections are likewise significant outside, the film appears the value orientaton of culture of more apt elite, and TV appears the value orientaton of culture of more apt people. In addition, in the transmission process of the film, TV, of the technology, artistic, of peddler, spread way, of producer type, suffer numerous, those who transmit an environment, the sense that accepts an environment, position, value, part, feature have many difference. Say simply, "Culture of movie and TV " although have dissemination system, art a lot of general character of system, recreation system, intercommunity, adjacent quality, but both is had as much many difference and different, be compared and character, to the film, probably art is the first, transmission is the 2nd; And at TV for, travelling probably is the first, art is the 2nd. Accordingly, film culture and cinematics are more close; And TV culture and TV transmission are inseparable.

(4) brief summary

The general character that goes up as whole of film culture, TV culture and difference as above. And serve as whole " culture of movie and TV " , because this is OK from narrow sense, broad sense be limitted further on two kinds of perspectives. This that is to say, of narrow sense " culture of movie and TV " , ought to be to reflect for " movie and TV is artistic " , the movie and TV that gives priority to body with work of art of relatively relatively complete, independent film, TV namely exists configuration, the TV of the film newsreel that includes film feature film, teleplay and artistic quality, artistic quality " screen work " (the TV literature work that is like artistic quality, TV is artistic a TV newsreel that reachs artistic quality) . And of broad sense " culture of movie and TV " , ought to be to reflect for the existence pattern with the film, overall TV. Although have between the film, TV,a lot of difference is mixed different, but be paid close attention to by more and the general character of both ought to study. On one hand, be close to quite in meaning of both of dissemination system, artistic system, recreation system, value, position; On the other hand, can carry material (include technology and form) , of system (include production and transmission) , of the idea (include all sorts of value concepts) the comparison of different level and analysis, search give them those existence of opposite general character.

2, culture of movie and TV (of broad sense) form

Look from broad sense, culture of movie and TV is by material (include technology and form) , of system (include production and transmission) , of the audience (include all sorts of value concepts) three-layer face is formed.

(one) corporeal level

Culture of movie and TV reflects the OK and direct humanness that goes up with configuration for the technology to be able to feel in corporeal level, visible states of matter changes existence. The culture of movie and TV of this one level is fluctuant rate is very rapid, because be innovated ceaselessly and be improved of technology of the film, TV, and make the configuration of the film, TV and transmission way are in change ceaselessly in.

The technical development of the film was passed longer accumulate. In 17 centuries, the form that Newton discovered the retina that is mirrorred in the person to go up above all won't disappear instantly this one important phenomenon. 1824, british Peter Marc Luogete announced him in London " visual of short duration stays " academic. Alleged " visual of short duration stays " , namely when the person's eye is watching content elephant of motion or figure, every content elephant, figure continues to stop to restrict the time that is less than a second on retina after disappear. The feature of this kind of vision of person eye, the figure that makes on the person's retina combination gives campaign had a possibility. Right now, pu Si began French Yaoqinfu Niai his take a picture art research. He took the first piece of primitive picture 1822, time of exposure is as long as 14 hours. After this, division of French arena art design amounts to Gai Er and Buddhist nun dust Pu Si cooperates, use the method of iodic agent sensitization that has invented at that time, have the aid of evaporates at mercury, secured specific figure eventually come down, this kind take a picture thoroughly art and method of developing and printing succeed first 1839. Be called " amount to doctrine of Gai Erzhao look " take a picture the technology develops quickly then rise. The invention of ingot of gong of wet 1851 sex aing jade-like stone makes a piece of negative can imprint give many pieces of picture, american tall treated · Yi Siman to invent film 1888, made a department at cooperating with inventor edison 1894 " lens of mobile cable movie and TV " . "Lens of mobile cable movie and TV " already preliminary had the film to film, developing and printing, show 3 woof, but it is 15.24 meters (50 feet) authentic aperture film is shown in a big case, can watch for a person only. To 1895, brother makes French Lumiaier piece can will video show the movie machine on white curtain, so far, mature film declare is born.

With be being mixed soundlessly black and white configuration appears period of film newly established. European film is given priority to with recording real life setting, american film is revealed with what entertainment performs give priority to. The first in film newly established in 10 years, somebody already began to add the exploration of sound element to silent cinema, spot of synchronism of band, musician appeared to be the case with loud musical sound of silent cinema dub in a lot of cinemas. Invent in company of telephone of American shellfish Er " dimension his wind " system, namely large record recording joins mechanical and concatenate unit, on the base that creates phonic picture synchronism, germany the company rolled out Tuobisi very quickly system of optical recording sound reproduction. 20 time end talkie only then accuse be born. In Aisensitan of Great Master of advanced Russia film and Clay Er hand, the different form that still tried exploration to give phonic picture to concern (wait like phonic picture counterpoint, offscreen voice) , so far a when sound makes the movie truly important and artistic element.

With the development course likeness of talkie, chromatic film in its primitive phase also uses artificial mode of operation. In silent cinema period, a lot of feature film use some kind of color on the besmear on the film in some setting or paragraph, in order to reinforce the attempt of the effect, some still chases case to add besmear color on film. The Italian film that filmed 1913 " diary of Pang shellfish Er " in, the setting that Wei Suwei volcano erupts became gules, orange blaze and blue-black sky with respect to besmear, filmed 1925 before Russia film " battleship wave golden date " the battleship after uprise rises removed red flag. Begin this to plant from 20 time " additive process " for " subtractive process " be replaced, the American film that filmed 1927 " guest empty is passed " with this before " pilfer of the Black Sea " (1926) a few mediumer chromatic occasion uses this method namely. To 1935, declare of trichromatic color system is successful, the first true color film " field of fame and gain " come out formally. And color is used extensively in the film after be being delayed, come 5, 60 time.

The film is born more than 100 years to come, from black and white, breathed to phonic, color, as a child screen arrives deepie, panavision, having a technology ceaselessly innovation and transform, also make the configuration of the film ceaseless produce change, the element of cinematics is ceaseless

Rich, the form of the film, breed is extended ceaselessly expand. Come nearly 10 years contemporary and new and high technology enters the motion picture, make film configuration happens further change, innovation. The affiliation that waits like technology of acrobatics of three-dimensional animation, computer, contemporary recording, eyesight of watch of the acoustical picture of the spatio-temporal idea of the element that makes the film is formed, film, TV, seeing and hearing, wallop and appeal are strengthened ceaselessly.

If say the film is built,be in contemporary take a picture technology, processing technology (chemical industry) etc over technical base, so TV is to build what be born on base of technology of contemporary radio electron. The process of TV technology, involve a TV program make, sow accuse, hookup, blast off, deferent wait for many link.

The occurrence of TV above all the discovery of phenomenon of induction of profit from electromagnetism. Begin to wait for wired electron to transmit intermediary to invent at cable, phone since the source of TV. And the invention of radio, invention of communication technology makes the electrical wiring that electronic agency cast off materiality, wireless electron transmission became a possibility.

Radio electron conveys above all in audio on the test is successful, this is beamed is born. After this, the photoemission of the Selenium that British engineer discovers, germany, before the control system that the scientist of the country such as Russia, United States delivers palpability to TV blasts off and be received severally, use picture breakdown principle and scanning principle, solved the channel problem with deferent image. On this foundation, 20 centuries 20 time, mechanical TV appears in England and United States above all. As the invention of the television camera and receiver

come out, the complete electron TV that American scientist invents replaced mechanical TV, of the contemporary TV that indicates the move is real come out. To this century 30 time, the BBC acts regularly sow, england, Germany, United States, before the TV of Russia also is born in succession.

The every time of TV configuration changes to accompanying the improvement of TV new technology. Improve from the technology of the method that make in light of, large development stage is change level from imitate, take digitlization stage stage by stage. Level is changed in imitate, the definition of sound and image, clear pattern also often because of the technology change and change. From audio development looks, the hand shakes record player of recorder of type of type phonograph, phonograph, steel wire, tape recorder, laser (CD) those who wait for method and means is gradational go forward one by one, make the sound of TV clearer and clearer and clear. Look from the development of image, arrive from monochrome television, colour television of high definition TV gradational go forward one by one, from fission photograph collection equipment to arrive of unifinication photograph collection equipment (like ENG) , the level that makes electric view resembles reductive life also more and more tend clarity is mixed distinct. Enter digitlization period, make by right of computer acrobatics and multimedia, the expressional strength of TV acoustic image, appeal increases increasingly, and the TV program is made also simplify with each passing day with convenient, the TV program makes ability also increase greatly accordingly, the configuration of the TV program, breed, type also because of this more rich and colorful.

From convey and receive in light of, convey from wireless microwave, to wired cable or optical fiber deferent, convey to the satellite, enclothe a face to expand increasingly, TV signal is increasingly clear, TV channel is increasingly rich, the capacity is increased increasingly, this makes produce and increase of transmission capacity of TV greatly for the likelihood.

The development of culture of movie and TV is the development with corporeal level technology is foundation, premise and dynamic. The progress of technology of movie and TV, the change that brought its form and rich, also changed the people acceptance to movie and TV, understanding and participation means and habit, changed the thinking of movie and TV of people and intention.

(2) system level

The construction that system level perhaps says system aspect and in developing to be formed in culture of movie and TV, be in to the intermediary position that is a key. The content of level of system of culture of movie and TV has macroscopical regime background already, also have particular manufacturing system and administrative system.

1.Regime:

The macroscopical regime setting of culture of movie and TV, to movie and TV culture develops and character is the biggest restrict. If say commonly, the course of study of movie and TV below capitalist regime setting, often in order to go after the biggest melt into of commercial interest first goal. And the course of study of movie and TV below socialistic regime setting, often put social beneficial result in chief consideration, it is first goal with the implementation of better social benefit. The product of movie and TV below capitalist regime setting, its commodity colour often extremely thick, and the product of movie and TV below socialistic regime setting, publicize education colour is general relatively powerful.

2.Produce a system:

Movie and TV produces the main body that is culture of movie and TV to make a part. To undertake movie and TV is produced effectively, and a series of formation origanization construction that coordinate each field concern, be system of production of movie and TV is specific reflect. System of production of movie and TV is in on the whole with be identical of its regime photograph, the characteristic that has oneself again at the same time and idiosyncratic. In capitalist regime, movie and TV is produced basically according to capitalist market regulation, the origanization construction form with production company, media company moves for main body run. Below socialistic regime setting, production of movie and TV is average the regulation according to planned economy, the origanization construction form of the studio with system of ownership of the whole people, TV station moves for main body run. But one kind gives birth to those who produce a system to build not easy thing, want to transform system to face all sorts of real difficulty. Especially to living for a long time for the course of study of Chinese movie and TV in system of socialistic planned economy, facing the situation to shunt of system of socialist market economy, a series of complex issues below traditional plan system are impossible to be solved at a draught. Somebody puts forward " the system innovates " , " system innovates " , undertake stating on such meaning namely.

Really, in movie and TV production enters the period that digitlization lives, in movie and TV production is facing market the times that the network that all traditional media are producing tremendous energy at a suit transmits, traditional onefold, narrow, system of small and total production, traditional

The situation that eachs does things in his own way between media, traditional an intersected situation, will be faced with huge impact. The United States' traditional 1999 recreational trade group that has appeal power most -- Wanner company and United States' the most fashionable, most contemporary medium group -- American on-line is amalgamative, shocked the whole world. This kind " powerful powerful combination " , the manufacturing system that itself reachs movie and TV relevant media namely gifts more contented, more baronial connotation. Course of study of movie and TV still is facing another challenge, the concussion of course of study of the foreign medium course of study that this is experience of industry of the movie and TV after China may join WTO, movie and TV. These reform that are the manufacturing system that quickens Chinese movie and TV offerred the opportunity of times sex.

3.Run a system:

What the administrative system that movie and TV produces should regard his as system of the production below regime setting is incorporate, those who point to is movie and TV in production and transmission process to each link (especially person, money, content domain of a few respects) run a system. Production of capitalist movie and TV administers the regulation of operation of capital of basic according to mediumly, with interest, profit finger of the biggest melt into, pass the cost accounting that movie and TV produces, the management that will carry out its person, money, content to wait. Socialistic movie and TV produces medium government, with socialistic movie and TV manufacturing system agrees basically, reflect for politics means (or method) with market pattern (or method) double track is collateral. From China system of management of movie and TV looks, to human affairs, capital, product run use, it is dominant with administrative means on one hand (if investment of cadre appoint, capital, product guards a pass,examine etc) , also blend in market pattern in macroscopical administration on the other hand (if personnel is recruited, origin of capital much channel, product enters the market to compete -- right " box-office value " with " viewing rate " height takes seriously etc) .

The macroscopical government that movie and TV produces and microcosmic management, cannot leave the safeguard of specific law laws and regulations. Since of itself of production of movie and TV can produce the commonweal sex career of tremendous society benefit, it is the culture industry that can earn profit of a huge sum, how to make production of movie and TV can assure the acquisition of its self interest already, can offer beneficial manna for the society again, of the specific legal laws and regulations that if do not have,produces in the light of movie and TV restrict, sheet relies on administrative measure and market measure to adjust, still be strength is insufficient. Because this is movie and TV to produce the legal laws and regulations with corresponding formulate, a series of regulation are formed to just be met on the foundation here effectively action is produced at movie and TV, the health that ensures culture of movie and TV from the system then develops.

(3) ideal level

Level of idea of culture of movie and TV reflects the value orientaton that is movie and TV and value concept, and this value orientaton and value concept, pervade each each link in production of movie and TV and transmission, aspects.

The idea of movie and TV, it is people the rational understanding to movie and TV, understanding and hold, the idea of general society culture that is people is reflected mediumly in movie and TV, also be people actual to movie and TV production and the rational understanding of all sorts of value orientaton in transmitting a process, value concept, understanding and hold.

In the comparison of the value concept of the value concept from inside the general society culture of people and movie and TV, we can see piece, sometimes the value concept lead of movie and TV the idea of general society culture at people, at this moment movie and TV may act as the part of the pioneer that social culture changes; Sometimes the value concept lag of movie and TV the idea of general society culture at people, at this moment movie and TV may act as the part with social culture conservative developing.

From oneself of idea of movie and TV change in light of, besides the concussion that big social surroundings changes and influence, the concussion of old social culture idea and influence, its oneself also meets those who having an idea perform change and evolution necessarily. Although with corporeal level change to be compared, of ideal level change should hard, slow much, but of corporeal level and system level change, should stimulate greatly after all, affecting ideal level change. And once movie and TV produces revulsion in ideal level. Certainly will greatly the corporeal level that counteractive Yu Ying inspects and system level, make its produce revulsion accordingly.

Here locates from the culture part of movie and TV only and a few condition of level of idea of culture of movie and TV treat on the fixed position of its function.

The culture part of movie and TV locates, comprise mainstream culture, elite culture, people culture and brim culture a few kinds of case. Part of culture of movie and TV is located in mainstream culture surely, mean production of movie and TV and transmission to will need ideologically around the mainstream, reflect the volition with ideological mainstream (Chinese movie and TV " mouthpiece " , " 2 for " , " thematic " the part that waited for notional model, vivid the earth's surface to narrate its mainstream culture locates) . Part of culture of movie and TV is located in elite culture surely, mean production of movie and TV and transmission to will be produced around movie and TV need with what think with individuation of transmission main body and even personification creation, the volition that more reflects production of movie and TV and individuation of transmission main body and even personification (alleged " creativity " , " uniqueness " , " classical sex " wait) . Part of culture of movie and TV is located in people culture surely, mean production of movie and TV and transmission will around the masses general, the affection psychology of instantly appeals to beg, satisfy its general, the affection psychology of instantly needs (be like alleged " common sex " , " epidemic " , " good-looking " , " fashionable sex " etc) . Part of culture of movie and TV is located in brim culture surely, production of those movie and TV that mean production of movie and TV and transmission to will be not elite possibly also around masses of blame mainstream, blame and the concept that transmit the extreme personification of main body, may be production of movie and TV and method of movie and TV of have the aid of of transmission main body, means lives to the mankind sometimes the sensibility of circumstances is conveyed, may be production of movie and TV and transmission main body sometimes the dig of the possibility to method of oneself of movie and TV, means and hunting (be like alleged " experimental sex " , " vanward sex " etc) .

As a result of the difference of concept of value of oneself of mainstream culture, elite culture, people culture, brim culture, and make the fixed position of part of culture of movie and TV, to idea of movie and TV appear, reflect a move to restrict action directly.

Of course we also want to see, the case that part of culture of these a few kinds of movie and TV locates, those who announce is extremely typical condition, and in fact, in production of specific movie and TV and transmission process, kink of regular meeting of classics of these a few kinds of ideas is together, we can the tendency that approximate ground judges its dominant idea, and cannot decide its simply for " be not this namely those " onefold value orientaton, otherwise, in how explaining production of movie and TV and transmission in how explaining production of movie and TV and transmission, often appear " suit both refined and popular tastes " Where is case?

And go up in the fixed position of function of movie and TV, case may more complex. The functional content of movie and TV includes recreational pastime, publicize education, information travels, aesthetic, of understanding wait for a few respects. Function of movie and TV is located in recreational pastime surely, mean production of movie and TV and transmission will around move the public is general, the relaxed and cheerful sense organ of instantly is enjoyed, and go suiting hard, cater to and even exceed common of add fawn on. Although recreational pastime itself also has the branch of administrative levels discretion, but afore-mentioned idiosyncratic ought to indispensable. Recreational pastime often repels of deepness, personalized experience and think, the demand of certain affection psychology of the instantly with because its are easy contented general at the same time public and even sense organ spur demand, and win taller " box-office value " or " viewing rate " , acquire larger economic interest thereby. What need points out is, this is not meant should go after only " recreation is beguiling " function, can achieve this one goal (first-class economic benefits) , truly taller economic benefits comes true again at the same time " recreation is beguiling " product of movie and TV, often also need certain thought capacity especially wisdom content. "Common " do not be equal to " low " and even " low common " . Function of movie and TV locates Yu Xuan passes education, mean production of movie and TV and transmission will around move instantly mainstream is ideological and people agrees with instantly generally and need generally some is planted or certain concept gives communicate, here, weigh the political concept that those who want is instantly and moral concept particularly. Any nation, country and area, inevitable meeting undertakes Cheng spend the political concept with different, different kind, morality concept to production of movie and TV and transmission restrict. Although the checkup of production of each country movie and TV and transmission, supervisory mechanism has difference, but also have a lot of collective places. Of the trend acme that says here " conduct propaganda is taught " product of movie and TV, often reflect a concept to be more than figure, abstraction to be more than the characteristic that provides an elephant, some may not throw production and transmission seriously (or do not agree with this kind of concept and muddle through one's work) product of this kind of movie and TV, get mainstream culture or the self-identity of the person that one part is accepted likely, realized certain social benefit, but as a result of product of this kind of movie and TV " homiletic flavour " too thick, and often short of the effect of its expect. Of course, truly good " conduct propaganda is taught " product of movie and TV, should " contain teachs Yu Le " , ability achieves satisfactory social beneficial result. Although most benefit of society of this kind of product has turned, economic benefits is poorer, but double bumper harvest of benefit of society of implementation of outstanding product behoove, economic benefits (or " double win " ) . Function of movie and TV is located in surely aesthetic, mean production of movie and TV and transmission, will around instantly the aesthetic interest with common people and aesthetic orientaton, contented instantly the aesthetic demand with global people. But aesthetic orientaton, aesthetic gout, aesthetic demand often has intercommunity already, have individual sex again, it is OK to have already concept the earth's surface narrates, also have " impenetrable " , " indescribable " . The implementation of the aesthetic function of product of movie and TV, often not easy and alone ground is draw-out come out, because it always is the feature of as total as the thought of the people in specific environment, psychology, affective need,coupling is together. Function of movie and TV is located in information transmission or understanding surely, it is a kind of more rational choice. Regard mass communication as agency, the production of movie and TV and transmission cannot leave the function that its information travels and knows of course, but does this kind of more rational function choose can independent implementation? The implementation with aesthetic function is actually similar (just " aesthetic " more perceptual) , on production of movie and TV and the implementation that travel to travel and know a function in information, also often cannot alone ground is draw-out come out, and it is certain to need explicit " pack " with immanent content show. (if rely on at a touching story or a real event) .

No matter how, the affection of level of idea of culture of movie and TV shape, to the move since the development of culture of movie and TV huge restricts action.

In above the opinion that sharing the solution about this problem is an individual and proposal, the solution of this problem that I hope I am shared can help great master.

Also hope everybody can like me at the same time here share, if everybody has the better solution about this problem, still hope to share a comment to come out to discuss this topic jointly.

I am here finally, wish everybody everyday happy work pleasure lives, health lives each days, the home and all things are promoted, send big money year after year, the business is thriving, thank!