口语交际方式？英文双语对照

提供与真实生活联结的机会

1.　情境性教学可以使学生对口语知识的掌握与口语交际能力的提高得到统一。教师不必传授过多的口语知识，关键是要培养学生运用口语理论知识在真实情境中解决问题的能力。在情境性教学中，应尊重学生理解能力的差异性和个性特长，要进行表现性测试的设计：如课前5分钟演讲、课本剧编演、小型辩论等，以挖掘学生的交际与语言潜能，促进其语文能力的全面发展。

　对学生进行口语交际能力的训练，可采用如下基本环节：确立口语交际训练的主题，搭建学习的具体课题框架；进入问题情境，使学生处于框架某个节点，帮助学生沿着框架攀升；独立探索；协助学习小组协商讨论，设计促进迁移的问题；效果评价。在口语交际教学中，这一模式具有较强的适用性。

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创设口语交际教学情境

　在口语交际教学中，尤需强调情境，营造“在场”的气氛。情境可分为模拟情境和真实情境。课堂是制造模拟情境的场所，教师要具有制造模拟情境的能力，做到情境多元、开放和切合学生学习实际。其中，学习中心站模式是对多元智能理论的一种有效开发与利用，也是口语交际教学的一种有效模式。

　学习中心也被称为学习站。每个学习中心，都要求具备一些学生完成活动和小型项目的必需品和材料。学生一般可以2～3人为一组，甚至可以独立活动。采用多元智力学习中心模式的主要目的是为学生提供利用一系列独特的、有创造性的方式来学习与活动、获取知识和发展技能的机会。为学生提供形成以口语交际能力为核心能力的环境，促进对口语交际知识的“真正理解并学以致用”，发展智能强项，改善智能弱项。

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积极促进学生的广泛参与

　促使学生广泛参与口语交际的训练，是教师开展口语交际教学的有效策略之一。其基本特征为：主体性、自觉性和选择性。学生主动参与口语交际活动，能够促进平等意识的产生与发展，学会交流与合作，在做中学，在学中做，手脑并用，交际能力能够得到快速发展。培养学生的口语交际能力，具体可采用如下方式：

　1.小组合作学习方式

　由于口语交际具有动态性、复合性、临场性特征，口语交际能力的培养适宜采用小组合作学习的方式，以利于学生更多更好地参与。一般可采用学生小组成员分工学习和学习协作小组的形式。前者是异质分组，而后者是同质分组。小组成员一般为4～6人，要考虑学生的性别、口语表达能力、个性等因素合理编组，让他们扮演不同的角色。

　2.智力激励方式

　运用智力激励法，能较快提高学生的口语交际能力，特别是应对能力。它适用于讨论、辩论等口语训练中。首先，教师要将学生分成小组，小组成员一般为4人左右，甚至可以将学生分成2～4人的蜂音小组，让学生进行几分钟如蜜蜂振翅般的小声议论。小组划分可随机进行，也可根据口语能力的差异分成同质或异质小组。一般要给小组取一个名字，进行召集人、记录员等角色分工。其次，教师要给定讨论的话题。在展开话题的过程中，教师要保持高度的敏感，进行提问、质疑，引发学生热烈的、有意义的讨论。再次，进行智力激励，让学生畅所欲言。要求学生在表达观点时做到简短、直接，有“闪光点”，能够迅速找到“语点”，使用关键词语或短语。

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构建多领域学习内容间的联结

　口语交际、识字写字、阅读、写作和综合性学习并列为新课程学习的五个领域，这五大领域之间既有区别又有联系。将口语交际教学与其他几个领域的教学内容相互联结，是应该而且有可能的，如可以在多音字组词练习中，让学生从多个角度说说它们的特点、类型等，不但有利于学生掌握和理解词语，而且有助于他们语言表达和思维能力的发展；也可结合学生在课堂上的朗读、发言、讨论等进行口语交际练习；还可以在写作中进行口语交际训练，如先口头作文，再写下述说的要点，既能使学生的口语表达更加规范、严谨、深刻，也能让学生们集思广益，在课堂上交流写作的思路，共享写作的好素材；课堂外的合作学习、探究学习、综合性学习，更能直接体现交际能力的训练意图。

Offer the opportunity that binds with real life

Education of 1. circumstances sex can make of the control of knowledge of language of student speak or sing alternately and colloquial intercourse ability rise get unity. The teacher need not impart overmuch colloquial knowledge, the key is to should foster a student to apply colloquial theory knowledge to solve the ability of the problem in actual circumstances. In circumstances sex education, should respect the otherness of student savvy and individual character specialty, want the design that undertakes expressional a gender checking: If drama of before the class 5 minutes of speeches, textbook is made up,act, small-sized controversy, in order to dig the student's intercourse and language potential, promote the full-scale development of its Chinese ability.

Undertake the training of colloquial intercourse ability to the student, can use following basic segment: The theme that intercourse of establish spoken language trains, build the specific task frame of study; Enter problem circumstances, make the student is in frame a certain node, help student is climbed along frame litre; Independent exploration; Assistance study group talks things over discuss, the design promotes migratory issue; Effect evaluation. In colloquial intercourse education, this one mode has stronger applicability.

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Circumstances of education of intercourse of activate spoken language

In colloquial intercourse education, you Xujiang moves circumstances, build " attendant " atmosphere. Circumstances can be divided for imitate circumstances and actual circumstances. Classroom is the place of production imitate circumstances, the teacher should have the capacity of production imitate circumstances, accomplish circumstances multivariate, open and suit student learning is real. Among them, studying central station pattern is right multivariate a kind of of intelligent theory significant development and use, also be a kind of of colloquial intercourse education effective mode.

Study center also is called to learn a station. Every learn a center, ask to have a few students to finish the requisite of activity and small-sized project and material. The student is general and OK 3 people of 2 ～ are a group, OK even and independent activity. The main purpose that uses pattern of center of multivariate and intellective study is to be a student to offer use a series of distinctive, creative way comes the study and activity, chance that gets knowledge and development technical ability. Offer for the student form the environment that is core ability with colloquial intercourse ability, of knowledge of intercourse of language of stimulative speak or sing alternately " understand truly and study sth in order to apply it " , grow intelligent strong point, improve intelligent weak sports.

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Participate in extensively what promote a student actively

Make a student participate in the training of colloquial intercourse extensively, it is one of effective strategy that the teacher develops colloquial intercourse education. Its are basic the feature is: Main body sex, consciousness and alternative. The student participates in colloquial intercourse activity actively, can promote the generation of equal consciousness and development, learn communication and collaboration, doing a middle school, do in learn, hand head is used, intercourse ability can get rapid development. Develop colloquial intercourse ability of the student, specific can use following means:

1. Group collaboration learns way

Because colloquial intercourse has dynamic sex, compound sex, copy field sex feature, the education of colloquial intercourse ability adopts the way that group collaboration learns aptly, participate in better at student more with benefit. Division of labor of the member that can use student group to become commonly learns and learn the form of synergic group. Former it is heterogeneous in group, and latter is coessential in group. Panel member is 4 ～ commonly 6 people, the element such as ability of expression of the sex that should consider a student, spoken language, individual character is reasonable organizing into groups, let them act different role.

2. Intellective and incentive means

Use intellective and incentive method, can increase colloquial intercourse capacity of the student more quickly, answer ability especially. It is applied to discuss, in the colloquial training such as the controversy. Above all, the teacher should divide the student into the group, panel member is 4 people to control commonly, can divide the student into 2 ～ even the bee news group of 4 people, let a student undertake a few minutes is like a bee like Zhen Chi comment in a low voice. The group differentiates can undertake randomly, also can divide into coessential or heterogeneous group according to the difference of colloquial ability. Want to take a name to the group commonly, undertake the part such as convener, recorder divides the work. Next, the teacher should give discussion topic. In the process that develops a topic, what the teacher wants to maintain altitude is sensitive, have query, doubt, cause those who learn heat build-up sacrificing oneself for a just cause, significant discussion. Again, have intellective drive, let student speak out freely. Requirement student is accomplished when expressing a point of view brief, direct, have " flashy dot " , can find quickly " language dot " , use crucial term or phrase.

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Compose builds much territory to learn the coupling between content

Colloquial intercourse, literacy writes, read, writing and omnibus study are paratactic 5 territories that learn for new course, there is distinction to have connection again already between this 5 big fields. colloquial intercourse education rather the education content of a few his domains binds each other, be should and possible, if can be in exercise of polyphone group statement, the characteristic that lets a student say them from many angle, type, not only be helpful for student control and understanding term, and the development that conduces to their language expression and thinking ability; Also can combine what the student goes up in classroom to recite, speech, discuss etc undertake colloquial intercourse practices; Still can undertake in writing colloquial intercourse trains, be like first oral composition, write down the point of narrate again, can make the student's spoken language conveys more normative, rigorous, profundity already, also can allow students draw on the wisdom of the masses, the train of thought of writing communicates on classroom, share the good material of writing; The cooperative study outside classroom, dug study, omnibus study, can reflect the training intent of intercourse ability directly more.