人力资源的概念和内涵？英文双语对照

最早的人力资源管理不叫人力资源管理，叫劳动管理，后来出现了人事管理，再后来出现人力资源管理，现在已经很流行人力资本管理这个时髦的叫法。在这里，我们来大致了解每个阶段的含义：

一、劳动管理。最初，工人被当作生产力要素之一，也就是劳动力。所以，对劳动力的管理就叫劳动管理。我们还能经常看到“劳动力市场”的字眼。在这个阶段，劳动者的地位是比较低下的，所谓的劳动管理在很大程度上仅仅起到劳动监督的作用，而不是管理。

二、人事管理。后来，管理者发现，工人不像别的生产力要素那么简单，那么听话地工作，他们有思维、有感情，还会偷懒，会弄出不同的事情来，仅仅去监督是不够的。所以，管理科学家们提出了人事管理的概念，提醒管理者们，工人不仅仅是经济人，还是社会人，因而要在物质和精神两个方面来进行针对性的管理，工人才会努力工作，去创造利润。劳动者的地位有了很大的提高，在资本家的企业里出现的工会等一些劳动者团体可以和资本家去谈判，针对劳动者的社会保障体系也逐步建立起来。

三、人力资源管理。进一步的，管理者们发现，劳动力这个重要的生产要素，其实和自然界的石油、煤炭一样，也会由旺盛走向衰弱。一个劳动者可以为企业创造利润的时间也就那么几十年，等到他退休，不能再工作的时候，这个生产要素相对于企业来讲就已经消失了。由此产生了一个重要的课题，如何在有限的时间段内充分发挥劳动力的使用价值，最大程度地为企业创造利润。延伸开来，管理科学家提出人力资源的概念，认为人力资源相对于其他资源更加需要管理者的重视，因为这个资源具有强大的主观能动性，只要善加发掘，可以发挥巨大的作用，对生产会有强大的推动。因此，劳动者的地位进一步提高，他们有很多机会参加各类培训以便能够不断提升工作技能；同时，他们在管理者制定的各种激励计划当中获得了很多益处。

四、人力资源管理。再后来，大家发现，仅仅把人力当作资源还是不够，不足以说明人才对企业的重要性，因为人是具有主观能动性的，而一旦人的主观能动性被充分调动起来，所产生的效益将是十分惊人的，可以为企业的资本增值产生巨大的推动作用。所以理论家们提出了人力资本的概念，要化人力为资本，把人力资源当作资本来运用。众所周知，资本是可以不断增值的。把人力当作资本来运作，可以促进管理者对人力的最广泛关心和重视。可以说，劳动者的地位达到了前所未有的高度。

很多人都认为，劳动者的地位提高了，相应的劳动者的身价也就上涨了。所以，很多人在寻找工作和应聘的时候，往往把价格放在第一位。首先要看公司能够提供多少高的薪水，对自己认识比较理智的人提出的要求还容易理解；偏偏有不少人过高估计自己的能力，提出比较过分的要求，这类人往往在职场上屡碰钉子还不醒悟。

The earliest manpower endowment source control does not call manpower resource management, call labor management, came after human affairs management, come after again manpower resource management, now already capital of very popular manpower manages this to make a way modernly. Here, we will understand the implication of every phase roughly:

One, labor management. Original, the worker is regarded as one of productivity essential factor, namely labour force. So, call labor management to the management of labour force. We often still can see " labour market " word. In this phase, the position of laborer is lower, management of so called labor has the effect that monitors to labor merely greatly, is not management.

2, human affairs management. Later, controller discovery, worker unlike is other productivity essential factor is so simple, work so obediently, they have thinking, sentient, still meet lazy, meeting lane gives different thing to come, going supervising merely is insufficient. So, administrative scientists advanced the idea of human affairs management, warn governor people, the worker is economic person not just, still be social person, want the government that in material and spirit two respects have specific aim consequently, industry person with ability can work hard, go creating profit. The position of laborer had very big rise, the group of a few laborers such as the labour union that appears in capitalistic enterprise can negotiate with capitalist, the social security system that is aimed at laborer also work up rises.

3, manpower resource management. Farther, controller people discovery, labour force this significant factor of production, the oil with nature, coal is actually same, also meet by exuberant trend feeble. The time that a laborer can think the enterprise creates profit also so a few years, when he is emeritus, when cannot working again, photograph of this factor of production had disappeared to be told at the enterprise. Produced a main task from this, if where limited time paragraph inside the use value that exerts labour force adequately, create profit for the enterprise to the greastest extent. Outspread come, administrative scientist advances the idea of manpower resource, identify what photograph of humanness power natural resources needs controller more to other natural resources to take seriously, because this resource has powerful subjective activity, want be apt to to add only disentomb, can produce tremendous effect, can have to production drive formidably. Accordingly, the position of laborer rises further, they have a lot of opportunities to attend of all kinds so that can promote the job skill ceaselessly,groom; In the meantime, they gained a lot of benefit between all sorts of incentive plans that controller makes.

4, manpower resource management. Again later, everybody discovers, regard manpower as merely resource is insufficient still, can't explain the talented person is right the importance of the enterprise, because the person has subjective activity, and once the person's subjective activity is brought into play adequately,rise, the beneficial result that produces will be very breathtaking, can produce tremendous pushing to move action with the capital appreciation that is an enterprise. So egghead people the idea that raised manpower capital, want to change manpower to be capital, regard manpower resource as capital will apply. Well-known, capital need not judge rise in value. Regard manpower as capital will run, can promote controller to care the most extensively and take seriously to manpower. Can say, the position of laborer reached unprecedented height.

A lot of people think, the position of laborer rose, the social status of corresponding laborer also rose. So, a lot of people are being searched when work and be being applied for, often put the value in the first. Want to see a company can offer how much high salary above all, the requirement that meets saner person to put forward to oneself understands easily still; Unluckily many people overestimate oneself ability, put forward to compare exorbitant requirement, this kind of person often on on-the-job field repeatedly meet with a rebuff still does not wake up to reality.