什么是科技创新？什么是科技创新？英文双语对照

一，名词解释：

科技创新是原创性科学研究和技术创新的总称，是指创造和应用新知识和新技术、新工艺，采用新的生产方式和经营管理模式，开发新产品，提高产品质量，提供新服务的过程。科技创新可以被分成三种类型：知识创新、技术创新和现代科技引领的管理创新。

二，详细说明：

科技创新涉及政府、企业、科研院所、高等院校、国际组织、中介服务机构、社会公众等多个主体，包括人才、资金、科技基础、知识产权、制度建设、创新氛围等多个要素，是各创新主体、创新要素交互复杂作用下的一种复杂涌现现象，是一类开放的复杂巨系统。从技术进步与应用创新构成的技术创新双螺旋结构出发，进一步拓展视野，技术创新的力量是来自于科学研究与知识创新，来自专家和人民群众的广泛参与。科技创新正是科学研究、技术进步与应用创新协同演进下的一种复杂涌现，是这个三螺旋结构共同演进的产物。信息技术引领的现代科技的发展以及经济全球化的进程，进一步推动了管理创新，这既包括宏观管理层面上的创新——制度创新，也包括微观管理层面上的创新。现代科技引领的管理创新无疑是我们所在这个时代创新的主旋律，也是科技创新体系的重要组成部分。知识创新、技术创新、现代科技引领的管理创新之间的协同互动共同演化形成了科技创新。

三，创新发展：

当今之世，科技创新能力成为国家实力最关键的体现。在经济全球化时代，一个国家具有较强的科技创新能力，就能在世界产业分工链条中处于高端位置，就能创造激活国家经济的新产业，就能拥有重要的自主知识产权而引领社会的发展。总之，科技创新能力是当今社会活力的标志，是国家发展的关节点，提高科技创新能力是一活百活的胜负手。

科技创新能力的形成是一个过程，需要一定的环境。如果人们自觉而明智地去塑造有利于科技创新的环境，就能激发科技创新的社会潜能，就能缩减从科技创新到产业运用的时间进程。学习各国在科技创新上的经验，无疑是提高上述自觉性的很好方式。

从各国的经验看，科技创新能力的形成有赖于如下因素：

一种良好的文化环境。例如，有一种尊重知识、尊重人才的社会氛围，有热爱科学的社会风气，有百花齐放、百家争鸣、追求真理、实事求是的学术教养和规范，等等。没有一个良好的软环境，就很难形成科技创新能力生长的土壤。当前，世界各国都出现了一些科技诈骗、学术腐败的案例，尽管这类事在急功近利的风气下难以避免，但必须加以有效地扼制。

　　一个较强的基础条件。在科技创新的基础条件中，最重要的恐怕是教育体系。中国的传统教育体系偏重于知识传授，厚重有余，活力不足，在某种意义上不利于创造能力的形成。中国的教育在课程设置、教授方式、考评方式等方面均有诸多待兴待革之处。

一种有效的制度支持。国家对自主科技创新的制度支持应是全面而有效的。例如，有有效的项目评估和资金支持体系，有有利于自主创新的政府采购制度，有明智的产业政策，有合理的知识产权制度，有有利于科技创业的社会融资系统，等等。

在人类社会中，做成一件事的条件无非是人、财、物。在三个条件中，人是主体、是最活跃的因素。在科技创新中，人的因素第一，人才第一，体现得更为突出。当然，人的因素并不仅仅指个人的才智，也包括人的社会组织水平。另一方面，有人而无财、物，便是英雄无用武之地，也是做不成事。因此，所谓科技创新的环境创造，就是让人、财、物能自然地结合、有效地结合，实现一种“人能尽其才，物能尽其用，货能畅其流”的和谐状态。

科技自主创新能力主要是指科技创新支撑经济社会科学发展的能力。近现代世界历史表明，科技创新是现代化的发动机，是一个国家的进步和发展最重要的因素之一。重大原始性科技创新及其引发的技术革命和进步成为产业革命的源头，科技创新能力强盛的国家在世界经济的发展中发挥着主导作用。自然，一项新技术的诞生、发展和应用，最后转化为生产力，离不开观念的引导、支持和制度的保障，可以说，观念创新是建设创新型国家的基础，制度创新是建设创新型国家的保障；但发明一项新技术并转化为生产力，创造出新产品，占领市场取得经济效益，这是只有科技创新才能实现的。随着知识经济时代的到来和经济全球化的加速，国际竞争更加激烈，为了在竞争中赢得主动，依靠科技创新提升国家的综合国力和核心竞争力，建立国家创新体系，走创新型国家发展之路，成为世界许多国家政府的共同选择。纵观当今世界创新型国家，他们的共同特征是，科技自主创新成为促进国家发展的主导战略，创新综合指数明显高于其他国家，科技进步贡献率大约都在70%以上，对外技术的依存度都在30%以下(我国的对外技术依存度达50%以上)。因此，科技自主创新方能体现出国家的创新能力，只有不断提升自主创新能力，才能使经济建设和社会发展不断迈上新的台阶，真正实现可持续发展。

One, substantival explanation:

Innovation of science and technology is the floorboard that achieves sexology research and technical innovation formerly, it is to point to new knowledge of creation and application and new technology, new technology, use new producer form and management pattern, develop new product, improve product quality, offer the course of new service. Innovation of science and technology can be become by cent 3 sort: The management that intellectual innovation, technology innovation and modern science and technology lead innovates.

2, define:

Innovation of science and technology involves organization of place of courtyard of government, enterprise, scientific research, institution of higher learing, international, intermediary to serve the many principal part such as community of orgnaization, society, include the many essential factor such as atmosphere of construction of foundation of talent, capital, science and technology, intellectual property, system, innovation, it is element of each innovation main body, innovation phenomenon of a kind of below alternant and mixed effect complex emerge in large numbers, it is a kind of open complex huge system. From the technology progress and the technology that use innovation to form innovate double helix structure sets out, extend eye shot further, the force that the technology innovates is to come from innovate at scientific research and knowledge, participate in extensively what come from expert and people. Innovation of science and technology is scientific research, technology progress and applied innovation cooperate with a kind of below gradual progress complex emerge in large numbers, it is structure of this 3 helix the child of collective gradual progress. The process of the development of the modern science and technology that IT leads and economic globalization, promoted administrative innovation further, the innovation that this includes macroscopical administration level to go up already -- the system innovates, also include the innovation on microcosmic administration level. The administrative innovation that modern science and technology leads is us undoubtedly those who be in this times innovation is thematic, also be the main component of system of innovation of science and technology. Between the intellectual innovation, technology innovation, management innovation that modern science and technology leads interact in coordination collective evolution formed innovation of science and technology.

3, innovation develops:

Current generation, ability of innovation of science and technology becomes national actual strength the most crucial reflect. In economic globalization times, a country has capacity of stronger innovation of science and technology, high-end position is in in chain of division of labor of industry of can alive group, with respect to the new industry that can create activation country economy, lead social development with respect to the own intellectual property with can be had principal. Anyhow, ability of innovation of science and technology is the mark of current society vigor, it is the articulatory site that the country develops, increasing capacity of innovation of science and technology is one work the hand of victory or defeat of 100 work.

The formation of ability of innovation of science and technology is a process, need particular environment. If people shapes the environment that is helpful for innovation of science and technology wisely, with respect to the social potential that can arouse science and technology to innovate, can cut the time process that uses to the industry from innovation of science and technology. The experience that learns each country to go up in innovation of science and technology, it is the very good kind that raises afore-mentioned consciousness undoubtedly.

Look from the experience of each country, the formation of ability of innovation of science and technology hang on is as follows element:

A kind of favorable culture environment. For example, have the social atmosphere of talent of knowledge of a kind of esteem, esteem, have the social conduct that has deep love for science, have let a hundred flowers blossom, the contention of a hundred schools of thought, science education that seeks the truth, be practical and realistic and standard, etc. The weak environment with good neither one, form the soil that ability of innovation of science and technology grows very hard. Current, world each country appeared the case of corruption of bilk of a few science and technology, learning, although this kind of thing avoids hard below the ethos of eager for quick success and instant benefit, but must try to be clutched effectively make.

A stronger fundamental condition. In the fundamental condition that innovates in science and technology, the most important be afraid is educational system. Lay particular stress on of traditional education system imparts at knowledge, massiness is superabundant, vigor is insufficient, the in a sense goes against the formation of creativity. Chinese education all has in the respect such as means of curricular setting, professor, test means a lot of wait for begin the part that needs change.

A kind of effective system supports. The system support that the country blazes new trails to own science and technology should be comprehensive and effective. For example, effective project is evaluated support a system with capital, the government that is helpful for own innovation purchases a system, have well-advised industry policy, have sound intellectual property system, have the social financing system that is helpful for science and technology doing poineering work, etc.

In human society, make it the conditional no more than of a thing is person, money, content. In 3 conditions, the person is main body, it is the most active ingredient. In innovation of science and technology, the person's element the first, talent the first, reflect more outstandingly. Of course, the person's element does not point to the individual's ability and wisdom merely, also include organism level of the person. On the other hand, somebody and without money, content, it is a no scope to exercise one's abilities, also be not to do accomplish sth. Accordingly, the environment that so-called science and technology innovates is created, let person, money, content be united in wedlock effectively namely, realize a kind " the person can use up his just, content can use up his to use, goods can its shed free " harmonious condition.

Science and technology innovates independently ability basically is to show innovation of science and technology props up the capacity that economic society science expands. Modern world history makes clear, innovation of science and technology is modern engine, it is the progress of a country and one of factors with develop the mainest. Innovation of science and technology of great and primitive sex and the technical revolution that its cause and progress become the source of industrial revolution, the country with powerful and prosperous ability of innovation of science and technology is producing dominant effect in the development of world economy. Natural, the birth of a new technology, development and application, productivity of final translate into, cannot leave the safeguard of ideal guiding, support and system, can say, ideal innovation is the base that builds innovation nation, system innovation is the safeguard that builds innovation nation; But invent a new technology to be changed for productivity, innovation gives new product, occupational market obtains economic benefits, only ability of innovation of science and technology realizes this. As the acceleration of the arrival of intellectual economy times and economic globalization, international competition is more intense, to the winner wins to move in competition, innovation of support science and technology promotes national comprehensive national power and core competition ability, build national innovation system, take the route that innovation country develops, become the world to make the collective choice of multilateral homemaking government office. Review current world innovation country, their common characteristic is, science and technology innovates independently the dominant strategy that makes stimulative country progress, innovation aggregate index is apparent prep above is other country, rate of contribution of progress of science and technology is in about 70% above, external technical depend on sb or sth for existence is spent be in 30% the following (of our country external technical depend on sb or sth for existence is spent amount to 50% above) . Accordingly, science and technology innovates to just can reflect the innovation ability of home going abroad independently, promote own innovation capability ceaselessly only, ability makes economic construction and social progress stride new chance to extricateoneself from an awkward position ceaselessly, true implementation can develop continuously.