(noun.) immoderation as a consequence of going beyond sufficient or permitted limits.
(noun.) a quantity much larger than is needed.
(adj.) more than is needed, desired, or required; 'trying to lose excess weight'; 'found some extra change lying on the dresser'; 'yet another book on heraldry might be thought redundant'; 'skills made redundant by technological advance'; 'sleeping in the spare room'; 'supernumerary ornamentation'; 'it was supererogatory of her to gloat'; 'delete superfluous (or unnecessary) words'; 'extra ribs as well as other supernumerary internal parts'; 'surplus cheese distributed to the needy' .
格里菲思校对
弗朗西斯整理